Research Process in Nursing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following groups of people are considered vulnerable research subjects?

  • Only children and prisoners
  • Children, geriatric clients, and the mentally ill
  • Children, geriatric clients, mentally ill, unconscious, and sedated patients (correct)
  • Only geriatric clients and mentally ill
  • What is the central purpose of informed consent?

  • To ensure the researcher's safety
  • To increase the study's benefit potential
  • To eliminate all risks
  • To respect and promote a person's autonomy (correct)
  • What does confidentiality refer to in research?

  • The ability to keep data sources protected (correct)
  • The ability to keep the researcher's identity anonymous
  • The ability to keep the subject's nameless
  • The ability to release information to the public
  • What is the researcher's responsibility in the research setting?

    <p>To provide adequate information to staff members involved in the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may individuals with lower education levels need more help in understanding informed consent?

    <p>Because they may need more explanations due to limited education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are clinical research studies on children, prisoners, and mentally deficient patients considered unethical?

    <p>Because obtaining voluntary consent from them is difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should provide informed consent for children, prisoners, and mentally deficient patients?

    <p>The legal guardian or representative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the agency's review system?

    <p>To ensure the study's risks and benefits are balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the research process?

    <p>To empower participants with knowledge, skills and positive attitude toward research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the research process?

    <p>Problem identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the conceptual phase of research?

    <p>To prepare a general plan of real research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors that affect researcher decision?

    <p>Researcher's experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the research process?

    <p>Solve problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the research process?

    <p>To develop and express research ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the research process?

    <p>A step-by-step process involving identifying, locating, assessing, and analyzing research questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of this lecture?

    <p>To define the process of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of selecting a research problem that is solvable?

    <p>To ensure that the results generated are of more use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a researcher consider when selecting a research problem?

    <p>The researcher's field of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in formulating a research problem?

    <p>Selecting a broad research area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reviewing literature in research?

    <p>To know what has already been done in the selected area of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of reviewing nursing theories in research?

    <p>To plan a research problem to contribute towards testing or development of a theory or conceptual model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of delimiting the research topic?

    <p>To clearly identify variables, population, and setting of research study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evaluated in the last step of formulating a research problem?

    <p>The research problem's significance, research ability, and feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure that a research problem is solvable?

    <p>To avoid wasting time and resources on an impossible problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of non-experimental research design?

    <p>To provide an accurate description of the phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of univariant descriptive design?

    <p>To describe the frequency of occurrence of a phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research design is used to investigate a phenomenon and its related factors?

    <p>Exploratory descriptive design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of comparative descriptive design?

    <p>To compare the occurrences of a phenomenon in two or more groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of qualitative research?

    <p>To improve conceptualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of non-experimental research design?

    <p>It occurs in a natural setting without imposing control or manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of descriptive research design?

    <p>To provide an accurate description of the phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between univariant and exploratory descriptive design?

    <p>Univariant describes the frequency of occurrence, while exploratory investigates the phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sampling unit in cluster sampling?

    <p>Cluster consisting of a group with the same characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of cluster sampling?

    <p>It tends to contain more sampling errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?

    <p>The elements are chosen by non-random methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bias of non-probability samples?

    <p>Subjects are not typical of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is accidental or convenient sampling?

    <p>A type of non-probability sampling method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of judgement or purposive sampling?

    <p>The researcher can select elements based on personal judgement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

    <p>To extract meaningful information from the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the sample size and the sampling error?

    <p>The larger the sample size, the smaller the sampling error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Process

    • Research process is a step-by-step process involving identifying, locating, assessing, and analyzing the research question, then developing and expressing ideas to find answers and choosing tasks and ways to carry them out.
    • Factors affecting research process: researcher beliefs, researcher experience, ethical considerations, and resources.

    Phases of Research Process

    • A. Conceptual phase: preparing a general plan of real research, including formulating the problem.
    • Phases of research process: conceptual, design, implementation, and analysis.

    Formulation of Research Problem

    • Selection of a research area: formulate a research problem by selecting a broad research topic from personal experience, literature, previous research, and theories in which the researcher is interested and has significance for the nursing profession.
    • Reviewing literature and theories: reviewing nursing literature and theories to know what has already been done in the selected area of research.
    • Delimiting the research topic: specifying variables, population, and setting of research study.
    • Evaluating the research problem: evaluating the research problem for significance, researchability, and feasibility.

    Outcome of Qualitative Research

    • Improve conceptualization by identifying categories and themes.
    • Non-experimental research design: descriptive, comparative, and exploratory designs.

    Sampling

    • Cluster sampling: primary sampling unit is the cluster, which consists of a group with the same characteristics.
    • Advantages of cluster sampling: economical and practical, particularly when the population is large and widely differentiated.
    • Disadvantages of cluster sampling: tends to contain more sampling errors than simple or stratified random sampling.
    • Non-probability sampling methods: subjects are chosen by non-random methods, and every element of the target population does not have a chance of being selected.
    • Biases of non-probability samples: subjects not typical of population, easily manipulated, and biased toward well-known population members.
    • Types of non-probability sampling methods: accidental or convenient sampling, judgment or purposive sampling.

    Data Analysis

    • Definition: data analysis is the process of transforming data into knowledge.
    • Purpose of research data analysis: to describe, explore, or explain phenomena, and to make predictions or recommendations.
    • Principles of data analysis: accuracy, completeness, reliability, validity, and relevance.
    • Process of data analysis: data preparation, data description, data transformation, and data interpretation.

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    Description

    Evaluate the research process in nursing, understand its principles, methods, and applications in practice. Learn how to critique and utilize research findings effectively.

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