Nursing Pharmacology Quiz

IV fluid leaking into surrounding tissue, often due to a dislodged or ruptured vein.

Infiltration with damaging additives causing tissue damage.

Coolness, paleness, and swelling at the IV site.

Inflammation of a vein, often due to IV fluids or medications.

Acidic/hypertonic solutions, rapid IV rate, certain IV drugs, poor catheter placement, or poor hygiene.

Heat, redness, tenderness along the vein.

Careful assessment for subtle color changes at the IV site, as redness may not be visible.

No symptoms of phlebitis at the IV site.

Erythema (redness) at the IV site, possibly with mild pain.

Pain at the IV site, along with redness and swelling (edema).

Pain along the IV track, induration (hardening), and redness.

Advanced phlebitis, with significant pain, redness, hardness, a cord-like vein, and possibly pus.

Inflammation of a vein.

Phlebitis with blood clots.

Air entering a patient's vein.

IV fluid leaking into surrounding tissue.

Leakage of IV medication into the surrounding tissues.

A common blood transfusion reaction caused by a reaction between white blood cell antigens and antibodies, triggering an inflammatory response.

Symptoms can include fever, chills, nausea, headache, and anxiety, often appearing acutely and immediately.

Stop the transfusion, change the administration set, maintain IV access, initiate a transfusion reaction protocol, and administer antipyretics as needed.

Premedicate with antipyretics if there's a prior history of reactions, and utilize leukocyte-reduced blood products.

Ferrous sulfate, a ferrous iron salt, is the most common treatment used for iron deficiency anemia.

Typically 300 mg, two to three times daily, though common commercial products are 324 mg, and interchangeable. Dosage will vary on elemental iron content.

The recommended adult dose of elemental iron is 50 to 100 mg, two to three times daily.

Iron carries oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and is necessary for energy transfer.

Meats, dark leafy greens, and fortified grains are good sources of dietary iron.

Take ferrous sulfate with plenty of water (4-6 oz) on an empty stomach, if possible; wait 2 hours before or after taking antacids.

Leafy greens, citrus fruits, beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and organ meats are good sources of folate.

Crucial for preventing neural tube defects in pregnancy.

A reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, or hematocrit.

Dietary problems, genetic disorders, bone marrow disease, or excessive bleeding can cause anemia.

Lower than 14 g/dL (8.7 mmol/L) indicates anemia.

Lower than 12 g/dL (7.4 mmol/L) indicates anemia.

Physical responses to acute pain, including nausea/vomiting, sweating (diaphoresis), increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse, and pupil dilation.

Pain resulting from damage or inflammation to skin or organs.

Pain caused by nervous system issues, potentially without tissue damage.

Unwanted effects of opioid medications, including constipation, nausea, sedation, respiratory depression, and potential for abuse/addiction, memory & thought changes.

Risk of dependency and misuse associated with opioid use, especially for chronic pain.

Managing pain after surgery, often through patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and preemptive measures.

Pain management technique where patients self-administer medication through a machine.

The body's increased need for higher doses of opioids to achieve the same pain relief effect.

Set of symptoms (e.g., rhinitis, chills, diarrhea,) experienced when opioid use is stopped or drastically reduced.

Primary sources of discomfort in post-operative patients requiring preemptive/prevention strategies.

Formation of a clot in a vein, often in the leg.

Blood clot formation in an artery.

Dislodged clot that travels through the bloodstream.

Embolus travels to the brain, causing a stroke

Occurrence when an embolus reaches the lungs.

Internal bleeding in the brain causes this type of stroke.

Bleeding occurring inside the gastrointestinal tract.

Clot in the renal artery, causing kidney damage.

Clot in mesenteric artery, leading to bowel issues.

Excess red blood cell production, increasing clot risk.

Irregular heartbeat, leading to blood pooling and potential clots.

Insufficient fluid intake, increasing risk for clots.

Extended periods of sitting, increasing clot risk.