Nursing Pharmacology Quiz
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Nursing Pharmacology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What occurs during infiltration of an IV catheter?

  • The IV solution causes vein inflammation.
  • The IV site becomes infected.
  • The IV catheter becomes dislodged or a vein ruptures. (correct)
  • The IV fluid enters the bloodstream directly.

    • Which of the following is a sign of phlebitis?

  • Tenderness along the course of a vein. (correct)
  • Paleness of the surrounding tissue.
  • Swelling of the entire limb.
  • Coolness at the IV site.

    • What should be assessed immediately when infiltration occurs?

  • The duration of the IV therapy.
  • The patient's history of IV use.
  • The patient's level of hydration.
  • The type of additives in the infiltrated fluid. (correct)

    • Which factor might increase the risk of developing phlebitis?

    <p>Using acidic or hypertonic IV solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of extravasation, which treatment might differ according to the type of solution involved?

    <p>Application of vasoconstrictors or other specific treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of transfusion reaction?

    <p>Febrile nonhemolytic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to manage fever in transfusion reactions?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

    <p>Stop the transfusion and provide supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the adult dose of elemental iron when treating iron deficiency anemia?

    <p>50 to 100 mg two to three times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should aspirin be avoided in thrombocytopenic patients?

    <p>It can lead to increased bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of iron in the body?

    <p>It carries oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored during a transfusion to identify potential reactions?

    <p>Vital signs and clinical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of iron is most frequently used for oral supplementation?

    <p>Ferrous sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of taking ferrous sulfate with 4 to 6 oz of water?

    <p>It increases absorption and reduces gastrointestinal irritation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary sources are good for obtaining folate?

    <p>Dried beans, peas, and leafy green vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient wait 2 hours before or after taking antacids when taking ferrous sulfate?

    <p>Antacids can reduce the absorption of ferrous sulfate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best time to take ferrous sulfate for optimal absorption?

    <p>On an empty stomach if tolerated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is megaloblastic anemia primarily caused by?

    <p>Vitamin B12 deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of anemia?

    <p>Fatigue and weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food group is considered beneficial for increasing iron intake?

    <p>Dark leafy greens and fortified cereals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In men, what hemoglobin level indicates anemia?

    <p>Less than 14 g/dL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition commonly results from atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Embolic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of venous thrombosis?

    <p>Localized redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of excessive production of red blood cells?

    <p>Polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from a mesenteric artery thrombosis?

    <p>Small bowel ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended activity for patients at risk of increased clotting?

    <p>Frequent ambulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bleeding may occur as a result of impaired clotting ability?

    <p>Epistaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign indicates the presence of purpuric lesions?

    <p>Pinpoint purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients with decreased clotting ability do in case of unusual bleeding?

    <p>Immediately notify their healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a phlebitis grade of 2 on the Phlebitis Scale?

    <p>Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dangerous consequence of phlebitis?

    <p>Formation of associated blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation would indicate a phlebitis grade of 4?

    <p>Pain, erythema, streak formation, and purulent drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is associated with bleeding at the venipuncture site?

    <p>Increased risk for patients on anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a common cause of local infection during IV catheter insertion?

    <p>Poor aseptic technique during the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infiltration occurs when IV fluid enters which area?

    <p>Subcutaneous tissue around the venipuncture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phlebitis grade indicates the absence of any symptoms?

    <p>Grade 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason to recognize and treat local infections early?

    <p>To prevent bacteria from entering the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sympathetic nervous system sign associated with acute pain?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain?

    <p>Nociceptive pain results from skin or organ damage, while neuropathic pain relates to nervous system mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid administration?

    <p>Pupil constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of risks are associated with opioid use during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal risks including withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may arise from the rapid cessation of opioid medication?

    <p>Withdrawal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is specifically related to long-term opioid use?

    <p>Impaired immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in providing effective pain control for postoperative patients?

    <p>Using basal continuous doses in patient-controlled analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly linked to opioid side effects affecting the central nervous system?

    <p>Sedation and drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metabolic Acidosis

    • Occurs from an increase of metabolic acid or decrease of base (bicarbonate).
    • Kidneys unable to excrete enough metabolic acids, which accumulate in blood or bicarbonate is removed from body.
    • Blood HCO3− decreases, and pH falls.
    • Conditions that cause removal of HCO3− also lead to decrease in blood HCO3−.
    • Characterized by pH level less than 7.35 and bicarbonate (HCO3−) level less than 22 mEq/L.
    • Lung compensation involves increasing rate/depth of ventilation (Kussmaul respiration) to remove excess carbon dioxide.

    Underlying Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

    • Starvation ketoacidosis (inadequate caloric intake, prolonged fasting)

      • What happens: absence of glucose, body uses fat stores for energy, keto-acids accumulate in blood

    • Diabetic ketoacidosis (Type I diabetes mellitus)

      • What happens: glucose not transported into cells due to lack of insulin, body uses fat for energy, keto-acids accumulate in blood

    • Lactic acidosis (sepsis, cardiac arrest, trauma, seizures)

      • What happens: lack of oxygen in cells, leads to anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation

    • Renal tubular acidosis (renal failure)

      • What happens: kidneys unable to remove acids via urine acidification

    • Hyperchloremic acidosis (diarrhea, laxative abuse)

      • What happens: gastrointestinal loss of bicarbonate (HCO3−)

    Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis

    • Decreases level of consciousness (lethargy, confusion, coma)
    • Increased respiratory rate and depth (compensatory hyperventilation)
    • Abdominal pain
    • Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key nursing pharmacology concepts, including IV catheter infiltration, signs of phlebitis, transfusion reactions, and iron deficiency treatments. This quiz will challenge your understanding of these important medical topics and help reinforce essential nursing skills.

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