Nursing Oximetry Assessment

Oximetry

• Non-invasive method for measuring arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) in blood.
• Utilizes a sensor or probe that emits red and infrared light to assess oxygen levels.
• Oxygen saturation levels are determined by absorption rates of the emitted light—non-oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more red light, while oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs more infrared light.
• Suitable sensor application sites include fingers, toes, feet (for infants), earlobes, foreheads, and bridges of the nose.
• Normal oxygen saturation range is 95% to 100%; for chronic lung disease patients, 88% to 92% may be acceptable.
• Readings may be unreliable during vasoconstriction, the use of IV dyes, shock, cardiac arrest, or severe anemia.

Nursing Considerations

• Evaluate health conditions that could affect oxygenation.
• Monitor respiratory rate, depth, mental status, skin temperature, and color.
• Assess the quality of the pulse at the site proximal to the sensor.
• Check for edema at the sensor application site.
• If there is an absent or weak signal, verify vital signs, patient condition, connections, and circulation to the site.
• In case of cold extremities, warm them up with a blanket or choose an alternate site for the sensor.
• Bright lighting conditions (sunlight or fluorescent) can disrupt sensor functionality; use dry washcloth to cover the probe if necessary.
• Excessive movement at the sensor site, such as tremors or shivering, can lead to inaccurate readings.