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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for arterial oxygen content (CaO2)?
What is the formula for arterial oxygen content (CaO2)?
- $CaO2 = SaO2 imes (Hgb imes 1.34) + (0.003 imes PaO2)$ (correct)
- $CaO2 = SaO2 + (Hgb imes 1.34) - (0.003 imes PaO2)$
- $CaO2 = SaO2 + (Hgb imes 1.34) imes (0.003 imes PaO2)$
- $CaO2 = SaO2 imes (Hgb + 1.34) - (0.003 imes PaO2)$
What does the Beer-Lambert Law calculate in the context of pulse oximetry?
What does the Beer-Lambert Law calculate in the context of pulse oximetry?
- PaO2
- SpO2 (correct)
- SaO2
- Hgb concentration
What is the relationship between available O2 and the saturation of Hgb described by the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve?
What is the relationship between available O2 and the saturation of Hgb described by the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve?
- Linear relationship
- Exponential relationship
- Logarithmic relationship (correct)
- Inverse relationship
What does the Beer-Lambert Law equation calculate?
What does the Beer-Lambert Law equation calculate?
What does Lambert's law describe?
What does Lambert's law describe?
What is an important application of the Beer-Lambert Law within anesthesia practice?
What is an important application of the Beer-Lambert Law within anesthesia practice?
What is the pulse oximeter probe's composition?
What is the pulse oximeter probe's composition?
What does plethysmographic analysis differentiate?
What does plethysmographic analysis differentiate?
What is pulse oximetry prone to?
What is pulse oximetry prone to?
What can cause errors in pulse oximetry readings?
What can cause errors in pulse oximetry readings?
What does cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy monitor?
What does cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy monitor?
What occurs in cerebral oximetry?
What occurs in cerebral oximetry?
What is the relationship between light absorbance at both wavelengths?
What is the relationship between light absorbance at both wavelengths?
What does physiological derangement like left and right shifts affect?
What does physiological derangement like left and right shifts affect?
What does pulse oximetry allow?
What does pulse oximetry allow?
What is used to monitor regional tissue oxygen saturation?
What is used to monitor regional tissue oxygen saturation?
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Study Notes
Pulse Oximetry and Plethysmography Overview
- Absorptivity is proportional to solution concentration in spectrophotometry
- Pulse oximeter probe contains two light-emitting diodes (LED) in red and near-infrared bands
- Plethysmographic analysis differentiates pulsatile arterial signal from nonpulsatile signals and tissue
- Light absorbance at both wavelengths is divided by absorbance of light from extraneous tissue
- Pulse oximetry is non-invasive, easy to apply, and allows continuous monitoring
- However, it is prone to artifact, delayed measurements, and inaccuracies at low SpO2 values
- Errors in pulse oximetry can occur due to other hemoglobin species, dyes, and various artifacts
- Physiological derangements like left and right shifts affect pulse oximetry readings
- Standards of care for equipment and monitoring are established to ensure accuracy and safety
- Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy monitors regional tissue oxygen saturation
- Scattering and reflection of electromagnetic radiation occurs in cerebral oximetry
- Anesthesia Equipment: Principles and Applications is a recommended resource for further information
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