Nursing Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders hard

Gastritis Nursing Management

• Reduce patient anxiety.
• Encourage a nutritious diet.
• Initial NPO (nothing by mouth) with IV fluids until symptoms improve.
• Gradually progress diet from ice chips to clear liquids to solids.
• Monitor fluid intake and output carefully.
• Advise avoiding caffeinated beverages, alcohol, and smoking.

Peptic Ulcer Nursing Management

• Monitor daily fluid intake and output for signs of dehydration.
• Maintain a minimum daily fluid intake of 1.5 liters (0.5 mL/kg/h minimum output).
• Monitor electrolyte levels.
• Advise avoiding irritating foods and beverages.
• Ensure correct medication use.
• Support patient self-management at home.

Appendicitis Nursing Management

• Administer intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and analgesia.
• Use a nasogastric tube (NGT) if needed.
• Avoid enemas as they might cause perforation.

Intestinal Obstruction Nursing Management

• Place the patient in a high-Fowler position, and encourage deep breathing.
• Promote frequent use of an incentive spirometer, at least every 2 hours while awake.
• Offer oral fluids as tolerated.
• Provide food as desired and tolerated.
• Administer morphine sulfate as needed for pain.
• Monitor urine output.
• Encourage early ambulation.
• Avoid heavy lifting.

Nursing Management (Conditions Not Requiring Surgery)

• Ensure proper functioning of the nasogastric tube (NGT).
• Assess and measure NGT output.
• Evaluate for fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
• Monitor nutritional status.
• Assess for improvement by evaluating bowel sounds, abdominal distention, pain/tenderness, and passage of flatus/stool.
• Address discrepancies in intake/output, worsening pain, abdominal distention, and increasing NGT output.
• Prepare for surgical referral if condition doesn't improve.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Nursing Interventions

• Maintain a nutritious diet and record intake and output (I&O) and daily weight.
• Use parenteral nutrition as needed and record I&O and daily weight.
• Aim for 0.5 kg daily weight gain.
• Monitor blood glucose every 6 hours.
• If tolerated, consume small, frequent meals high in protein and low in fat and residue.
• Reduce activity to conserve energy.
• Encourage rest.
• Manage patient anxiety.

Hemorrhoids Nursing Interventions

• Enhance coping skills.
• Prevent skin breakdown.
• Monitor and manage potential complications.
• Monitor serum electrolyte levels daily.
• Watch for signs of perforation (increased abdominal pain, rigid abdomen, vomiting, hypotension).
• Monitor for obstruction and toxic megacolon (abdominal distention, decreased/absent bowel sounds, mental status changes, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances).
• Support patient self-management at home.

Hemorrhoids - General Information

• Hemorrhoids are dilated veins in the anal canal.
• Symptoms include rectal bleeding, anal pain, itching, fullness, and soiling.
• Management includes hygiene, avoiding straining, a high-fiber diet, increased fluids, warm compresses, sitz baths, ointments/suppositories, bed rest, rubber-band ligation, Nd:YAG laser, or hemorrhoidectomy.