Nursing Management Introduction Quiz

Introduction to Nursing Management

• Course Instructor: Dr. Farida Hassona
• Institution: Zagazig University, Faculty of Nursing
• Learning Objectives: Students will be able to identify concepts of administration, management, and leadership; differentiate between administration and management; differentiate between manager and leader; determine skills needed for effective managers; identify the management process; differentiate between efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness; and explain management levels.

Definition of Administration

• Origin: Derived from the Latin term "administer," meaning "to serve" or "to minister" in relation to direction.
• Focus: Directing an agency to achieve its objectives.
• Key Elements: Overall determination of policies; setting of major objectives; identification of general purposes; laying down broad programs and projects for the organization.

Definition of Management

• Process/Art: Getting things done effectively and efficiently through and with other people.
• Process/Form of Work: Guiding or directing a group of people toward organizational goals or objectives.
• Resource Utilization: Achieving objectives through the effective use of resources such as people, materials, and money.

Definition of Leadership

• Process: Influencing group members toward achieving group goals through an individual.

Relationship Between Management and Administration

• Administration: More comprehensive, encompassing executive activities like setting goals, formulating policies, and managing personnel and materials.
• Management: Translates administrative philosophy, aims, and plans into reality by using resources and controlling individual and group responsibilities and activities.

Difference Between Administration and Management

• Administration: Decision-making function, focused on "what" and "when" actions should occur. A thinking function using conceptual and human skills. Influenced by public opinion, government policies, and religious organizations
• Management: Executing function, deciding "who" should do tasks and "how" they should be done. A doing function using technical and human skills. Influenced by the managers' values, opinions and beliefs.

Difference Between Manager and Leader

• Manager: Assigned position within the formal organization, legitimate power due to delegated authority, expected to carry out assigned functions, duties and responsibilities, and directs willing and unwilling subordinates.
• Leader: May or may not hold a formal position, power often obtained through influence rather than delegated authority, wider variety of roles, and directs willing subordinates only.

Skills Needed for Effective Managers

• Conceptual Skills: Manager's mental ability to coordinate organizational interests and activities.
• Interpersonal Skills: Manager's ability to work with, understand, and motivate others individually and in groups.
• Technical Skills: Manager's ability to use tools, procedures, and techniques within a specific field.
• Political Skills: Manager's ability to build power bases and establish connections.

Management Process

• Series of Steps: Interrelated and interdependent steps essential to achieving organizational objectives.
• Components: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling,
• Purpose: Essential to organizational success

Management Process: Detailed Explanation

• Planning: Deciding in advance what to do, who should do it, how, when, and where. Necessary for managerial objectives.
• Organizing: Identifying work, classifying activities, assigning responsibilities, and delegating authority.
• Staffing: Recruiting, interviewing, hiring, orienting, scheduling, and developing new staff, employee socialization.
• Directing: Inspiring and motivating personnel to accomplish work and apply management plans to complete objectives.
• Controlling: Establishing mechanisms for ongoing evaluation, obtaining feedback, comparing results with plans, and making corrective actions.

Management Levels

• Top-level Management: Strategic planning, creating organizational goals, developing overall strategy and operating policies, preparing budgets, representing the organization externally (e.g., Director of Nursing Services, chairman, head of organization).
• Middle-level Management: Coordinating lower-level efforts, acting as channels between top and low-level managers, involved in daily operations, establishing objectives and policies, formulating budgets, assessing resource utilization (e.g., Department Heads, Head Nurses, Unit Managers).
• Low-level Management: Responsible for patient care management at the unit level, addressing immediate problems, translating plans into action, assigning work to subordinates, supervising, and ensuring quality service (e.g., Primary Care Nurse, Team Leader, Charge Nurse).

Difference Between Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Efficacy

• Effectiveness: Doing the right task.
• Efficiency: Doing the task correctly and obtaining the same output with fewer resources or in the most economical way with the least waste of time and effort.
• Efficacy: Extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, or service produces a desired result under ideal conditions.

Quiz

• Patient Complaint Resolution: An operations manager should resolve a patient complaint.
• Objective Establishment in Extraordinary Circumstances: In extraordinary circumstances, the ability to establish objectives with limited resources is known as efficacy