Nursing Leadership and Management Midterm

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Questions and Answers

What do the boxes in an organizational chart represent?

  • Lines of authority
  • Individuals or entire departments (correct)
  • Departmental budgets
  • Communication channels

What do vertical lines in an organizational chart signify?

  • Lines of authority and accountability (correct)
  • Communication pathways
  • Relationships at the same level
  • Informal connections

Which type of organizational structure is characterized by blurred lines of authority?

  • Informal Structure (correct)
  • Hierarchical Structure
  • Formal Structure
  • Matrix Structure

What do dotted lines in an organizational chart illustrate?

<p>Communication relationships without authority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the nature of grapevine communication in an informal structure?

<p>Generally social and may lack accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of organizing within an organization?

<p>To form a cohesive system for efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an organization?

<p>Technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Max Weber is known for developing theories related to which aspect of organizations?

<p>Bureaucracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does supervision play in an organization?

<p>Creates a positive work environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of organizing is concerned with defining the mission and objectives?

<p>Setting up organizational structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the culture of an organization influence its members?

<p>Through shared values and rituals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of an organization is related to the people who work together?

<p>People (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the structure of an organization primarily define?

<p>The behavior of organizational members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of formal structure in an organization?

<p>It provides a clear framework for authority and accountability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a line organization, what is the primary characteristic of the authority relationship?

<p>It is based on a chain of command from the top down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a line and staff organization?

<p>It provides advisory roles without direct authority. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a line and staff organization typically differ from a pure line organization?

<p>It incorporates specialized positions to enhance management functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of staff specialists in a line and staff organization?

<p>They assist and provide recommendations without authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the unity of command principle emphasize in an organizational structure?

<p>Each employee should only report to one supervisor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the scalar principle in an organization?

<p>Maintaining clear lines of authority. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that managers should focus only on significant deviations from the norm?

<p>Exception principle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of staffing and scheduling, what does the orderly, systematic process ensure?

<p>Adequate nursing care according to predetermined standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of continuing responsibility imply for managers when delegating tasks?

<p>Managers retain ultimate responsibility for delegated functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the span of control affect managerial interactions?

<p>It determines the number of employees a manager can supervise directly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of homogenous assignment or departementation involve?

<p>Grouping employees by specific goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the organizing process according to Koontz?

<p>Establishing enterprise objectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does line authority primarily establish within an organization?

<p>A clear chain of command from top to bottom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does staff authority support organizational processes?

<p>By assisting and recommending to reduce supervisors' informational burdens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of an ad hoc design in organizational structure?

<p>It utilizes temporary project teams to complete specific tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a matrix structure, how is authority typically distributed among managers?

<p>An employee may report to multiple managers but one has greater authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines centralization within an organizational hierarchy?

<p>Major and minor decisions are made by top-level executives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of decentralization in an organization?

<p>Improved motivation and goal-oriented behavior of local managers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the staffing process in nursing?

<p>It requires understanding historical staffing needs for predictions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion is NOT essential for nursing staffing methodology?

<p>It should ensure high patient-to-nurse ratios. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges faced by nurse managers in staffing?

<p>Aligning staffing plans with the specific needs of the hospital. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is indicated by having a highly formalized and bureaucratic organization?

<p>Centralized structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of total nursing care?

<p>One nurse is accountable for total care of one patient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is past staffing history important for forecasting staffing requirements?

<p>It provides insight into future care demands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of a highly flexible, informal organization?

<p>Diffuses decision-making throughout the organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organizing (process)

Structuring a system into an organic whole, creating order, & arranging work processes for efficiency.

Organizational Structure

The framework to develop, change organizational mission, philosophy, values, and goals.

Organizational Goals

Specific purposes or intentions of an organization.

Organizational People

The individuals who work within an organization in a specific way as a group.

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Organizational Structure

Defines and limits the behavior of organizational members.

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Organizational Culture

The organization's personality, encompassing values, symbols, rituals, myths, and practices.

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Job Roles

Each employee's function significantly influences workplace behavior.

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Supervisory Roles

Management personnel responsible for creating a positive work environment, leading to improved performance and satisfaction.

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Unity of command

An employee should report to only one supervisor.

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Scalar Principle/Chain of Command

Clear authority flow from top to bottom in an organization.

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Span of Control

Number of people reporting directly to a manager.

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Homogeneous Assignment

Grouping employees by similar tasks for better organization.

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Exception Principle

Managers focus on significant deviations from routine.

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Continuing Responsibility

Delegating a task doesn't remove the manager's ultimate responsibility.

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Staffing and Scheduling

Systematically determining the right number and type of staff needed for patient care.

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Job Descriptions

Formal contracts outlining job duties, responsibilities and reporting structure.

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Organizational Chart Boxes

Represent individuals or departments in an organization.

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Lines of Authority

Vertical lines showing who is responsible to whom, going downwards on the chart.

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Lines of Accountability

Vertical lines showing who reports to whom, going upwards on the chart.

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Informal Structure

Unplanned, social relationships among organizational members, affecting work.

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Formal Organizational Structure

A planned, public organizational structure that defines managerial authority, responsibility, and accountability.

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Line Structure

A traditional organizational structure with a clear chain of command from top to bottom.

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Line and Staff Organization

A structure that adds specialists (staff) to advise and support a traditional line structure.

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Staff Specialists

Advisory roles in an organization that offer expertise.

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Chain of Command

The hierarchical structure through which authority flows in an organization.

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Line Authority

The traditional top-down power structure in an organization, like a chain of command. It dictates how authority flows from higher-ranking managers to employees.

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Staff Authority

Supporting roles in an organization that advise, assist, and recommend to those in line authority. They don't have direct control over employees.

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Ad Hoc Design

A temporary organizational structure used to complete a specific project or task. It brings together specialists for a limited time.

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Matrix Structure

A complex organizational structure combining elements of line and staff authority. Employees can have multiple managers, with one having more authority.

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Centralization vs. Decentralization

Centralization concentrates decision-making power at the top of the organization. Decentralization distributes decision-making to lower levels.

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Centralized Decision-Making

A style of management where most major decisions are made by the highest levels of leadership, often the CEO.

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Decentralized Decision-Making

Empowering lower-level staff to make decisions that directly affect their work, allowing for faster problem-solving.

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Staffing (Nursing)

The process of determining the right number of nurses needed to provide quality care to every patient.

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Patient Classification System (PCS)

A tool that helps nurses determine the level of care needed by each patient, informing staffing decisions.

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Total Nursing Care (Case Nursing)

One nurse is assigned to one patient for all their care needs, creating a personalized approach.

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Staffing Methodology Criteria

Rules for determining staffing needs, ensuring the system is logical, systematic, and based on sound reasoning.

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Study Notes

LM- Midterm Period - none

  • Nursing Leadership and Management (Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines)

Specific Instructions

  • Set learning goals, read intended learning outcomes
  • Understand lecture notes, activities, and consult teacher for unclear concepts.
  • Read teacher's insights and open video links for supplementary materials.
  • Compiling outputs in a learning portfolio, to be submitted on the due date.
  • Contact the teacher regarding any queries during consultation hours.

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • Define, differentiate, and enumerate different management functions, applying them in nursing management and leadership.
  • Discuss planning purpose and modes.
  • Discuss components of an organization chart.
  • Explain modalities of care in organizing patient care.
  • Identify staffing steps, manager's responsibilities in staffing needs.
  • Demonstrate staffing schedule in a clinical area
  • Recognize leadership styles, time management, and conflict management.
  • Identify communication techniques used in management.
  • Differentiate motivation theories.
  • Discuss budgeting and costing in nursing service
  • Explain the importance of performance evaluation/appraisal.
  • Identify the process of staff development and quality improvement.

Organizing

  • Forming a system into an organic whole.
  • Defining job descriptions, qualifications, and functions, for workplace efficiency.
  • Grouping activities to achieve objectives.
  • Coordinating activities with other units (horizontally and vertically).

Characteristics of an Organization

  • Goals
  • People
  • Structure
  • Culture
  • Job roles

Other key topics covered

  • Supervision

  • Organizational Theory(Max Weber)

  • Elements of Organizing

  • Steps in Organizing

  • Organizing Principles

  • Levels of Managers (Top-level, Middle-level, First-level)

  • Organization Charts (Boxes, lines of authority, accountability, horizontal/vertical/dotted lines)

  • Organizational structure

  • Formal/Informal Structures

  • Line Structure

  • Line and Staff Structure

  • Ad Hoc Design

  • Matrix Structure

  • Centralization vs. Decentralization

  • Staffing (process of determining and providing nursing personnel)

  • Staffing Methodology (criteria for staffing)

  • Modalities of Nursing Care (Case Nursing, Functional Nursing, Team Nursing, Primary Nursing, Case Management, Patient Classification Systems

  • Scheduling (centralized, decentralized, cyclic)

  • Directing (getting work done through others, leadership, delegation, motivation, communication, supervision)

Leadership Theories

  • Great Man, Trait
  • Behavioral
  • Situational/Contingency
  • Contemporary (Charismatic, Transformational, Transactional, Interactional, Servant, Results-based)

Motivation Theories

  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
  • Alderfer's Modified Need Theory
  • McClelland's Basic Needs Theory
  • Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
  • Argyris' Psychological Theory
  • Vroom's Expectancy Theory
  • Skinner's Positive Reinforcement Theory
  • Equity Theory
  • McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
  • Likert's Participative Management Theory
  • Theory Z

Conflict Management

  • Conflict definition, outcomes (win/lose, lose/lose, win/win)
  • Conflict handling ways
  • Conflict sources, Classifications (vertical, horizontal)
  • Conflict stages (latent, perceived, affective, manifest, aftermath)

Budgeting

  • Budget types
  • Purposes of budgeting
  • Sections of a budget (manpower, capital expenditures, operating expenses)

Costing out Nursing Services

  • Per Diem, Per Diagnosis, Per Nursing Workload, Per RIM (nursing resource minute).

Communication

  • Elements of the communication process (sender, message, receiver, feedback)
  • Objectives of communication
  • Channels of communication (visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
  • Modes of communication (written, face-to-face, non-verbal, telephone)
  • Levels of communication (public, intrapersonal, interpersonal)
  • Barriers to communication
  • Communication skills
  • Approach to effective oral & written presentation

Additional information for study

  • Includes information on rubrics for critical thinking and essay writing, as well as guidelines for creating collages, and instructions regarding the Application Letter and Curriculum Vitae.
  • Include resources for additional study (textbooks, other resources, journals, websites).

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