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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a cause of epistaxis?
What are the most commonly affected sinuses in sinusitis?
Maxillary and ethmoid
What nursing intervention should be performed for epistaxis?
The primary cause of acute sinusitis is the bacteria ___ and ___.
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with sinusitis?
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Chronic pharyngitis is characterized by a thin, whitish membrane.
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Which bacterial infection is most commonly associated with pharyngitis?
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What is the primary symptom of pharyngitis?
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What surgical measures are sometimes necessary for tonsillitis?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of rhinitis?
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Chronic rhinitis may be triggered by ___ or ___ factors.
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Study Notes
Epistaxis
- Causes include trauma, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, cancer, and medications.
- Nursing interventions: sit up and lean forward, apply pressure to the nose for 5 minutes, use cold compresses, and consider nasal packing with neosynephrine for 3-5 days.
- After nasal packing, provide a liquid diet followed by a soft diet and advise against oral temperature checks and nose blowing for 2 days.
- Notify healthcare provider if recurrent bleeding occurs.
Sinusitis
- Classified as acute, subacute, or chronic, with maxillary and ethmoid sinuses most commonly affected.
- Infectious causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae for acute; Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus for chronic.
- Assessment includes pain in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid areas, along with general malaise, stuffy nose, headache, post-nasal drip, cough, and fever.
- Nursing interventions: encourage rest, increase fluid intake, apply hot wet packs, avoid aspirin, administer antimicrobials and nasal decongestants, and irrigate maxillary sinuses with warm normal saline.
- Surgical options include Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Caldwell-Luc surgery, ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy, and osteoplastic flap surgery.
- Potential complications involve meningitis, brain abscess, cerebrovascular accident, osteomyelitis, visual problems, and Potts puffy tumor.
Rhinitis
- Causes relate to environmental factors, infections, aging, systemic diseases, or drug-induced responses.
- Assessment signs consist of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and discharge, itchiness, sneezing, headache, and sore throat.
- Nursing management emphasizes avoiding allergens, increasing rest and oral fluid intake, and practicing hand hygiene.
- Pharmacotherapy options include antihistamines, oral decongestants, and intranasal corticosteroids.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Classifications are acute (rapid onset) or chronic (long-term).
- Causes encompass viral, bacterial, or allergic origins.
Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)
- Virus shedding occurs 2 days prior to symptom onset and continues during the early symptomatic phase.
- Medical management involves pharmacologic therapy tailored to cause and symptoms, alongside allergy testing.
Pharyngitis
- Most prevalent in children aged 5 to 15 years, primary symptom is a sore throat.
- Transmitted through airborne droplets; often caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria.
- Assessment findings include fiery red pharyngeal membrane, sore throat, dysphagia, fever, chills, headache, malaise, and tonsillar exudates.
- Management can utilize pharmacologic therapy, nutritional strategies (liquid or soft diet, cool or warm beverages), and behavioral support.
Tonsillitis/Adenoiditis
- Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus for tonsillitis; adenoiditis involves mouth breathing, earache, and foul-smelling breath.
- Common symptoms include fever, snoring, dysphagia, and voice impairment for tonsillitis.
- Management involves supportive care, pharmacologic therapy, increasing oral fluid intake, and may require surgical interventions like tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy.
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Description
This quiz covers the nursing interventions and causes for epistaxis and sinusitis. It includes key assessment methods, definitions, and guidelines for patient care. Test your understanding of nursing protocols for managing these conditions.
