Management of Epistaxis and Foreign Body Ingestion Quiz

Epistaxis is the most common otolaryngologic emergency.

Posterior epistaxis arises from branches of the anterior ethmoidal artery.

The Kiesselbach plexus is located on the posterior nasal septum.

Initial assessment of epistaxis involves evaluating the side, amount, timing, frequency, and duration of blood loss.

Woodruff plexus is a prominent network of veins posterior to the nose.

Epistaxis can only be supplied by the internal carotid system.

Supraglottitis is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening airway emergency caused by cellulitis of the infraglottic structures.

Dysphagia, drooling, and respiratory distress are gradual in onset and do not progress rapidly in patients with supraglottitis.

Children with supraglottitis usually appear calm and relaxed due to the mild symptoms.

Radiographs may be helpful for mildly symptomatic patients with supraglottitis.

Moderate to severe symptoms of supraglottitis should undergo radiologic testing before considering surgery.

Sudden laryngospasm can occur with aspiration of secretions into a compromised airway in patients with supraglottitis.

Tachycardia is the earliest clinical sign of acute blood loss.

Orthostatic hypotension is not a common sign of acute blood loss.

Mucosal pallor and dry mucous membranes are indicative of anemia.

A complete blood count includes tests for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood typing.

Firm pressure should be applied to the bony portion of the nose for epistaxis.

During nasal bleeding, patients should tilt their head backward to prevent blood flow.

Supraglottitis always presents with prominently visible cartilaginous landmarks in the larynx.

Viral croup is a common differential diagnosis for patients with supraglottitis.

Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is usually started postoperatively in patients with supraglottitis.

Extubated patients with supraglottitis are typically not put on an oral antibiotic regimen.

Tracheotomy sets are not required to be prepared for patients with possible supraglottitis.

Button batteries are responsible for less than 50% of major morbidity and mortality from foreign body ingestion since 2000.

The right main bronchus is less common for foreign body impaction due to its wider lumen and more vertical path.

Esophageal foreign bodies are three times as common as bronchial foreign bodies.

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis is a common disease caused by human papillomavirus 16 and 18.

Congenital Subglottic Stenosis can be acquired through endotracheal intubation or surgery.

Most airway foreign bodies in children are caused by candy or chocolate ingestion.

Embryonated Foreign Bodies can be easily diagnosed in children due to their cognitive recognition of edible versus inedible objects.

Ligation of the Internal Carotid Artery is considered a first-line treatment for refractory, severe epistaxis.

Esophageal foreign body removal is solely dependent on the timing of ingestion, and not on the location or type of object.

A reliable history and a witnessed aspiration or ingestion are not important factors in diagnosing an aerodigestive foreign body.