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Questions and Answers
What is the basis of stochastic theories of aging?
Which of the following theories suggests that cellular aging is triggered by the length of telomeres?
What impact do free radicals have on aging according to the Free Radical Theory?
According to the Error Catastrophe Theory, what happens with aging?
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Which statement reflects the principle of the Wear and Tear Theory?
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What is suggested by the Gene/Biological Clock Theory in relation to aging?
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According to the Neuroendocrine Theory, what factor is linked to accelerating aging?
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How do psychosocial theories of aging propose to explain the aging process?
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Which of the following statements about aging is correct?
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What is one way a gerontological nurse can promote health?
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What is one of the biologic theories of aging widely accepted?
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Which exercise is suggested to help improve oxygen flow to the brain?
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According to Maslow's theory, which need must be met first for successful patient education?
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Why is it important to plan activities for older adults?
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What should nurses consider when facilitating interactions between older adults and children?
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What is recommended to help reduce radical damage in older adults?
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What is the primary focus of Activity Theory in late life?
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According to Disengagement Theory, what is the primary purpose of the gradual withdrawal from society?
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What does Subculture Theory suggest about the elderly?
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In continuity theory, what influences an individual's life satisfaction?
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What does Age Stratification Theory focus on?
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Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of fulfilling five basic human needs?
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Jung's Individualism Theory includes a concept known as what?
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What are the two primary stages in Erikson's theory relevant to aging?
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Study Notes
Biological Theories of Aging
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Stochastic Theories: Depict aging as a result of random events causing cellular damage.
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Free Radical Theory: Suggests that free radicals damage cellular membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins.
- Sources include tobacco smoke, pesticides, radiation, and medications.
- Health recommendations: lower calorie intake, nutrient-dense diet with antioxidants, reduce inflammation, minimize metal accumulation.
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Orgel/Error Theory: Proposes errors in DNA and RNA synthesis contribute to aging.
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Wear and Tear Theory: Compares cells to machines, suggesting they wear out leading to loss of function with age.
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Connective Tissue/Cross-Link Theory: Indicates that aging hinders protein function, impacting nutrient transfer and waste removal in cells.
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Non-Stochastic Theories: Suggest aging results from genetically programmed mechanisms.
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Programmed Theory: Cells divide a finite number of times before triggering apoptosis; telomeres shorten with each division.
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Gene/Biological Clock Theory: Suggests a genetic code determines the aging process.
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Neuroendocrine Theory: States that dysfunction in the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine axis contributes to aging.
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Immunologic/Autoimmune Theory: Attributes aging to a decline in immunological function.
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Psychosocial Theories of Aging
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Sociological Theories: Focus on societal roles and relationships, impacting adaptation in older adults.
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Activity Theory: Claims continued engagement in activities is essential for late-life satisfaction.
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Disengagement Theory: Advocates for gradual withdrawal from social interactions for internal reflection.
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Subculture Theory: Observes that the elderly may prefer segregation into aging subcultures, sharing experiences against societal negativity.
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Continuity Theory: Proposes that consistent personality shapes roles and life satisfaction throughout aging.
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Age Stratification Theory: Highlights society's stratification by age groups influencing resource acquisition and status.
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Person-Environment Fit Theory: Suggests that function is shaped by individual attributes and their environment.
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Psychological Theories: Examine aging through mental processes and emotional development.
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Human Needs (Maslow): Argues that fulfillment of five basic needs drives behavior toward self-actualization.
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Individualism Theory (Jung): Discusses the inward focus and search for meaning during middle age, leading to successful aging.
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Stages of Personality Development (Erikson): Outlines personality development across eight stages, emphasizing tasks such as generativity versus stagnation.
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Life-course/Lifespan Development: Affirms that life stages are structured around roles, relationships, and goals.
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Nursing Implications
- Distinction between age-related changes and pathologic conditions is vital.
- Understanding limited replicative capacity and the impact of free radicals is important in gerontological nursing.
- Nurses can promote health through cessation of smoking, nutritional guidance, and lifestyle interventions.
- Encourage activities to prevent muscle atrophy and integrate preventive health measures.
- Acknowledge intact intellectual functioning in older adults and address Maslow's hierarchy of needs in patient education.
- Facilitate activities that make older adults feel valued and respected, incorporating intergenerational programs and creative engagements like cooking or gardening.
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Description
Explore the biological theories of aging with a focus on stochastic theories and their implications in nursing. This quiz will cover aspects such as free radical theory and its impact on cellular health. Gain insights relevant to nursing practices for working with aging populations.
