Nursing Fundamentals Quiz

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What is the primary clinical manifestation of cellulitis at the insertion site?

Fever and chills
Red swollen area spreading outward (correct)
Purulent drainage from the site
Numbness and tingling

Which of the following is a common use of hypotonic intravenous fluids?

To hydrate dehydrated cells (correct)
To rapidly increase blood pressure
To treat severe electrolyte imbalances
To decrease blood volume

What would happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell will lose its ability to function
The cell's volume will decrease
The cell will remain unchanged
The cell will swell and possibly burst (correct)

What is the antidote for opioid overdoses?

Naloxone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which contraindication is specifically related to the use of hypotonic fluids?

Increased intracranial pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an absolute contraindication for IV insertion?

Presence of a dialysis shunt (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration a tourniquet should remain applied before IV insertion?

2 minutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid type is indicated for treating hypotension and hypovolemia?

Isotonic fluids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the proper IV insertion procedure?

Prepare equipment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for cellulitis resulting from poor aseptic technique during IV insertion?

Antibiotics (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the nine rights of medication administration?

Right environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a patient shows signs of an adverse reaction during IV medication administration?

Support the airway and administer oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using extension tubing in IV therapy?

To connect to a saline lock (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the antiviral medications used to treat herpes simplex virus?

To decrease symptoms caused by the herpes simplex virus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is NOT commonly associated with antiviral medications like acyclovir?

Respiratory distress (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing consideration when administering antiviral medications for herpes treatment?

Monitoring for therapeutic response and side effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is it important for a client to refrain from sexual activity?

When sores or other signs of herpes are present (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of antiviral medications for herpesviruses?

Inhibiting viral DNA replication (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should a client report to their healthcare provider during treatment with antiviral medications?

Persistent headaches or worsening herpes symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins should never be chosen for IV insertion?

Veins located on an arm with extensive scarring (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of client education regarding the administration of antiviral medications?

Only take the medication when symptoms are severe (A) Signup and view all the answers

What complications can arise from antiviral medication such as acyclovir?

Hemolytic uremic syndrome and nephrotoxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a client to understand regarding the long-term management of herpes simplex infection?

The virus can remain dormant and cause episodic outbreaks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of valacyclovir in treating herpesvirus infections?

It incorporates into viral DNA to halt replication. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What potential severe neurological side effect can arise from the use of valacyclovir?

Hallucinations (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with valacyclovir?

Visual disturbances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hypotonic fluids?

They have a lower concentration of solutes than cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome when hypertonic fluids are administered?

Cells shrink due to water exiting. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could potentially occur due to the use of acyclovir and valacyclovir?

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of isotonic fluids?

They have the same concentration of solutes as the cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to label each line in intravenous fluid management?

To identify solution infusing and avoid errors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical condition is most appropriately treated with hypotonic fluids?

Hyperglycemic conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a guanosine analog for treating herpesvirus infections?

Acyclovir (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a baseline assessment before administering antiviral medication?

Identifying lesion location and associated symptoms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk associated with administering hypotonic fluids?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are hypertonic fluids typically administered in a critical care setting?

They pull excess water out of the cells rapidly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells when hypotonic fluids are infused?

They swell due to water influx. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What clinical problem can isotonic fluids help address?

Fluid volume deficit (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following solutions is considered hypotonic?

0.45% NS (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is fluid overload most concerning?

In patients with renal failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect do hypertonic fluids have on body cells?

Cells shrink as water is pulled out. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when infusing isotonic fluids?

They should not be given to patients in fluid overload. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of isotonic fluids in cellular health?

To sustain normal cell hydration without causing size changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

IV Insertion Contraindications

Veins in an arm with a mastectomy on the same side, dialysis shunts or AV fistulas, signs of infection, extensive scarring, burns, or surgeries, CVA paralysis side, recent infiltration, extravasation, phlebitis, or a site distal to a previous puncture should not be used for IV insertion.

Aseptic Technique

A strict protocol used during IV insertion to prevent contamination and infection. It involves using alcohol or chlorhexidine to disinfect the insertion site and maintaining a sterile environment.

Extension Tubing

A flexible tube connected to the IV catheter to create a saline lock, which allows for easy access to the IV line for medication administration or flushing.

Cellulitis

An inflammation of the loose connective tissue surrounding an IV insertion site. It is usually caused by poor aseptic technique during IV insertion and presents as a red, swollen area spreading outwards from the insertion site.