Med Surg Clinical
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Questions and Answers

Normal systolic blood pressure is typically around ______ mmHg.

120

A normal diastolic blood pressure reading is ______ mmHg.

80

A healthy heart rate typically ranges from ______ to 100 bpm.

60

The normal respiratory rate for an adult is between 12 and ______ breaths/min.

<p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal body temperature usually falls between ______ and 99°F.

<p>97.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthy oxygen saturation level is typically between 95% and ______%.

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intradermal injections are usually administered at a ______ to 15° angle.

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subcutaneous injections are typically given at a ______° angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramuscular injections are usually administered at a ______° angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravenous injections are commonly given at a ______° angle.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal Na+ value is ______.

<p>145</p> Signup and view all the answers

A potassium (K+) level of ______ indicates muscle weakness and cramps.

<p>5.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inverse relationship occurs when ↑Ca+ leads to ↓______.

<p>PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 mg is equivalent to ______ mcg.

<p>1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classic sign and symptom of ______ is change of LOC, agitation, and restlessness.

<p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peak insulin action for Humulin R is ______ hours.

<p>2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

A basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes sodium (Na), potassium (K), and ______.

<p>BUN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypernatremia may result in ______ from fluid depletion.

<p>dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, the normal pH range is between ______ and ______.

<p>7.35, 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 oz is equal to ______ mL.

<p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal heart rate (hr) is typically between 60 and ______ bpm.

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen saturation levels for healthy individuals usually range from 95% to ______.

<p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intradermal injections are typically administered at an angle of ______ to 15°.

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subcutaneous injections are generally given at a ______° angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramuscular injections are commonly administered at a ______° angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal respiratory rate (rr) for adults is between 12 and ______ breaths/min.

<p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

A normal body temperature typically ranges from 97.8°F to ______.

<p>99°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravenous (IV) injections are usually given at a _____° angle.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

When patients know you are taking their respirations, they may breathe ______.

<p>differently</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal value for sodium (Na+) is ______.

<p>145</p> Signup and view all the answers

A potassium (K+) level of 5.0 indicates ______ and cramps.

<p>muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change of LOC, agitation, and restlessness are classic signs of ______.

<p>hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

For 1 g of a substance, it is equivalent to ______ mg.

<p>1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inverse relationship occurs when ↑Ca+ leads to ↓______.

<p>PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal blood pressure readings can change at a level of ______.

<p>dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

A basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes sodium (Na), potassium (K), and ______.

<p>chloride (Cl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypotonic solutions can include 0.225 saline (1/4 NS) and ______.

<p>5% dextrose in water (D5W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peak insulin action for Novolog is approximately ______ hours.

<p>2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Edema may occur in areas that have pitting edema, which can leak fluid out directly through the ______.

<p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloride (Cl) normal values typically range between ______ and 105.

<p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal phosphate (Phos) values range from ______ to 4.5.

<p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ chart is used for monitoring pulse criteria.

<p>pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the arterial blood gas (ABG) test, the normal PO2 value range is between ______ and 100.

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

A normal respiratory rate for adults is typically between 12 and ______ breaths/min.

<p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subcutaneous injections are commonly administered at a ______ angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravenous (IV) injections are generally given at a ______ degree angle.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramuscular (IM) injections are usually administered at a ______ degree angle.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal body temperature typically falls between 97.8°F and ______.

<p>99</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen saturation levels for healthy individuals usually range from 95% to ______.

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle for intradermal (ID) injections is typically between 10 and ______ degrees.

<p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal blood pressure is classified with a systolic reading of 120 mmHg and a diastolic reading of ______ mmHg.

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal value for potassium (K+) is ______.

<p>5.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle weakness and cramps can be signs of ______ deficiency.

<p>potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classic sign and symptom of ______ is diarrhea and muscle weakness.

<p>phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

A normal sodium (Na+) value typically ranges from ______ to 145.

<p>135</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal chloride (Cl) values usually range between ______ and 105.

<p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal pH range for arterial blood gas (ABG) is between ______ and 7.45.

<p>7.35</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive Trousseau’s sign is indicative of ______.

<p>hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

A basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes glucose, sodium, potassium, and ______.

<p>chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peak insulin action for Glargine is ______ hours.

<p>none</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravenous injections are usually administered at a ______° angle.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

Commonly used isotonic solutions include normal saline and ______ Ringer's.

<p>Lactated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluid maintenance can be achieved using ______ solutions.

<p>isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal range for magnesium (Mg) is ______ to 2.5.

<p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Change of LOC and agitation can be classic signs of ______ imbalance.

<p>sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

For an intravenous solution, 1 L is equivalent to ______ mL.

<p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Normal Blood Pressure

Systolic pressure is typically 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure is usually 80 mmHg.

Normal Heart Rate

A typical heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute.

Normal Respiratory Rate

A normal respiratory rate is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Normal Body Temperature

Body temperature is typically 97.8 to 99°F (36.5 to 37.2°C).

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Normal Oxygen Saturation

Normal oxygen saturation is 95-100%.

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Intradermal Injection Angle

Give intradermal injections at a 10-15° angle.

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Subcutaneous Injection Angle

Give subcutaneous injections at a 90° angle (or 45° for thin patients).

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Intramuscular Injection Angle

Intramuscular injections are given at a 90° angle.

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Intravenous Injection Angle

IV injections are given at a 25° angle.

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Pulse and Respiration Assessment

Assess respiration alongside pulse checking.

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Normal Sodium (Na+)

135 - 145 mEq/L

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Sodium (Na+) Imbalances

Disruptions in sodium levels can lead to changes in LOC (levels of consciousness), agitation, and restlessness

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Normal Potassium (K+)

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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Potassium (K+) Imbalances

Imbalances can cause muscle weakness and cramps

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Normal Phosphate (Phosphorus)

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

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Phosphate Imbalances

Imbalances result in symptoms like diarrhea, muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

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Normal Blood Glucose

70-100 mg/dL

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Prothrombin Time (PT)

10 - 13 seconds

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Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

25-35 seconds

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Normal BUN

7-20 mg/dL

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Normal BP

Systolic: 120 mmHg, Diastolic: 80 mmHg

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Normal HR

60-100 bpm

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Normal RR

12-20 breaths/min

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Normal Temp

97.8-99°F (36.5-37.2°C).

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Normal SpO2

95-100%

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Intradermal angle

10-15°

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Subcutaneous angle

90° (45° for thin)

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IM angle

90°

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IV angle

25°

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Pulse and Respiration

Assess respirations while taking pulse.

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Normal Sodium (Na+)

135 - 145 mEq/L

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Sodium (Na+) Imbalances

Disruptions in sodium levels can cause changes in consciousness (LOC), agitation, and restlessness.

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Normal Potassium (K+)

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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Potassium (K+) Imbalances

Imbalances can lead to muscle weakness and cramps.

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Normal Phosphate

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

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Phosphate Imbalances

Imbalances can cause diarrhea, muscle weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes (DTR).

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Normal Blood Glucose

70-100 mg/dL

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Prothrombin Time (PT)

10 - 13 seconds

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Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

25-35 seconds

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Normal BUN

7-20 mg/dL

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Normal Blood Pressure (BP)

Systolic pressure is typically 120 mmHg, and diastolic pressure is usually 80 mmHg.

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Normal Heart Rate (HR)

A typical heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm).

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Normal Respiratory Rate (RR)

A normal respiratory rate is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

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Normal Temperature (Temp)

Normal body temperature is typically 97.8 to 99°F (36.5 to 37.2°C).

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Normal Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Normal oxygen saturation is 95-100%.

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Intradermal Injection Angle

Give intradermal injections at a 10-15° angle.

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Subcutaneous Injection Angle

Give subcutaneous injections at a 90° angle (or 45° for thin patients).

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Intramuscular Injection Angle

Intramuscular injections are given at a 90° angle.

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Intravenous Injection Angle

IV injections are given at a 25° angle.

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Assess Respirations While Taking Pulse

Assess respiration alongside pulse checking.

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Normal Sodium (Na+)

Blood sodium level, typically 135-145 mEq/L

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Sodium Imbalance Symptoms

Changes in consciousness, agitation, and restlessness can occur with sodium imbalances.

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Normal Potassium (K+)

Blood potassium levels usually range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

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Potassium Imbalance Symptoms

Muscle weakness and cramps are common symptoms of potassium imbalances.

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Normal Phosphate

Blood phosphorus levels typically range from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.

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Phosphate Imbalance Symptoms

Diarrhea, muscle weakness, and reduced reflexes are among the signs of phosphate imbalances.

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Normal Blood Glucose

Blood sugar levels should be between 70 and 100 mg/dL.

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Prothrombin Time (PT)

A blood test measuring how long it takes the blood to clot; typically 10-13 seconds.

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Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Another blood clotting test from 25-35 seconds

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BUN Normal Range

Blood Urea Nitrogen levels usually range from 7 to 20 mg/dL.

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Study Notes

Normal Vital Signs

  • Blood Pressure (BP): Systolic 120 mmHg, Diastolic 80 mmHg
  • Heart Rate (HR): 60-100 bpm
  • Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths/minute
  • Temperature (T): 97.8-99°F (36.5-37.2°C)
  • Oxygen (O2): 95-100%

Parenteral Administration

  • Intradermal (ID): 10-15°
  • Subcutaneous (SUBQ): Normal/overweight 90°, Thin 45°
  • Intramuscular (IM): 90°
  • Intravenous (IV): 25°

Electrolytes

  • Sodium (Na+): Normal 135-145 mEq/L
    • <135: Seizures, nausea, lethargy

    • 145: Change of LOC, agitation, restlessness

  • Potassium (K+): Normal 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
    • <3.5: Thready, weak, irregular pulse, anxiety

    • 5.0: Muscle weakness and cramps

  • Phosphorus (Phos): Normal 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
    • <2.5: Change of LOC, numbness, weakening of the bones

    • 4.5: Diarrhea, Muscle weakness, ↓DTR

  • Calcium (Ca+): Normal 9-11 mg/dL
    • <9: Tetany, Positive Trousseau's, Positive Chvostek's Signs

    • 11: Bone pain, kidney stones, muscle weakness

  • Magnesium (Mg+): Normal 1.5-2.5 mg/dL
    • <1.5: Increased everything (BP, HR, RR, ↑DTR)

    • 2.5: Decreased everything (BP, HR, RR, ↓DTR, energy)

Insulin

  • Generic names: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine, Glargine, Regular, NPH, Detemir
  • Brand names: Humalog, Novolog, Apidra, Humulin R, Novolin R, Humulin N, Novolin N, Lantus, Levemir
  • Onset, Peak, and Duration vary by type.

IV Fluids

  • Examples: 5% saline, 3% saline, Isotonic (5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS), 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (D5 1/2 NS), 5% dextrose in LR (D5LR), 10% dextrose in water (D10W), 0.9% sodium chloride (NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), Lactated Ringers (LR).
  • Hypotonic: 0.33% saline (1/3 NS), 0.225 saline (1/4 NS)
  • Used For: Cerebral edema, Hyponatremia, Metabolic alkalosis, Maintenance fluid, Hypovolemia, Blood loss, Dehydration, Fluids maintenance.

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

  • Includes sodium (Na), potassium (K), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and glucose.

Coagulation Tests

  • Prothrombin time (PT), International Normalized Ratio (INR), Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Liver Panel

  • Includes bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), etc., indicators of Liver function.

Pulse Chart

  • 0: Pulse absent
  • 1+: Diminished
  • 2+: Normal
  • 3+: Full
  • 4+: Bounding, strong

Charting Muscle Strength

  • 0: No muscle movement
  • 1+: Muscle movement w/o joint motion
  • 2+: Moves with gravity eliminated
  • 3+: Moves against gravity but not resistant
  • 4+: Moves against gravity and light resistance
  • 5+: Normal Strength

Edema

  • 0: No response
  • 1+: Trace Mild swelling
  • 2+: Mild
  • 3+: Moderate Deep indentation remains for a short time
  • 4+: Severe Very deep indentation that lasts a long time
  • Weeping edema: Areas that have pitting edema can leak fluid out directly from the skin

Reflexes

  • 0: No response ABSENT
  • 1+: Present, but sluggish or diminished
  • 2+: Active or expected response NORMAL
  • 3+: More brisk than excited; hyperactive

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Description

Test your knowledge on vital signs and normal lab values with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and injection techniques. Perfect for nursing students and health professionals who want to refresh their foundational knowledge.

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