Nursing Fundamentals Quiz

Nursing School Resources

• Use textbooks, clinical judgment sections, safety alerts, tables, and clinical judgment to prepare for quizzes and flashcards.
• Use subjective (rationale) and objective (abnormal findings) cues in text for lab work.
• Watch Lecturio videos.
• Attend class and lab sessions.
• Complete vSims each week and review feedback.

The Forgetting Curve

• Information retention decreases over time. 
•   A graph shows retention decreasing rapidly at first then leveling off more gradually.

Passive vs. Active Learning

• Learning methods vary in effectiveness.
•   A pyramid illustrates the effectiveness of different methods with passive techniques having the lowest retention rates and active teaching methods having the highest.
•   Lecture: 5% retention
•   Reading: 10% retention
•   Audio-visual: 20% retention
•   Demonstration: 30% retention
•   Group discussion: 50% retention
•   Practice: 75% retention
•   Teaching others: 90% retention

Factors Affecting Learning Retention

•   Motivation to learn, Interest in topic, learner experience, mental capacity, and age affect retention.
•   Distractions negatively influence retention.

Techniques to "Make it Stick"

• Repeated retrieval of learned information enhances retention.
• Quizzes and tests in classroom settings and labs improve knowledge application.
• Students who take practice tests have a better comprehension of their progress and identify learning gaps.

Foundation of Nursing Health Assessment

•  Course title: NURS 3134 Health Assessment and Promotion
•  Instructor: Shaylene Chatham, MSN, RN

Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role

•   Nurses promote health and prevent disease.
• Nurses address health disorders.
• Nurses advocate for individuals, families, communities, and populations.

Assessment Process

• Gathering subjective (client history) and objective (physical assessment) data is crucial.
• All data is not equal in value for determining interventions.
• Nurse must analyze and synthesize the data to choose appropriate interventions.
• Evaluating patient outcomes based on chosen interventions is a key part of the nursing process.

Clinical Judgment Model

•   The assessment, evaluation, implementation, and planning of care for patients are essential to make informed clinical judgments.

Types of Nursing Assessments

• Emergency Assessment: Focuses on ABCDE assessments and critical interventions simultaneously.
• Comprehensive Assessment:  Covers the complete health history and physical examination of all body systems head-to-toe.
• Focused Assessment: Concentrates on one or two body systems, providing detailed examination of a specific issue.

Collecting Subjective Data

• Patient experiences and perceptions form the foundation of subjective data.
•   This includes the patient's feelings, sensations, patient's expectations, health history, and patient interview process.

Collecting Objective Data

•   Important screening assessments across all body systems should be collected.
• Observational data, vital signs, and physical examination (peripheral circulation, skin) are crucial to the physical assessment.

Priority Setting

• A systemic approach is prioritized, followed by local issues.
• Acute problems precede chronic ones.
•   Actual and potential nursing problems should be considered, as well as medication timing, and expected versus unexpected outcomes.

Priority Setting Frameworks

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• Urgent/Acute vs Chronic
•   ABCDE
•   Safety/Risk reduction
• Nursing process (ASSESS)
•   Survival potential
•   Least restrictive interventions when client is stable.

Chapter 2: Health History and Interview

•   This chapter addresses the history and interview process.

Communication Process

• Establishing trust and rapport.
• Ask two yes/no questions and two open-ended questions.
• Prepare to share.

Therapeutic Communication Skills

• Focus on patient concerns.
•   Promote caring behaviors.
• Empathetic response.
• Nonverbal and verbal communication skills are critical. 
• Avoid nontherapeutic responses.
• Respect cultural competency differences.
• Address communication barriers effectively in patients with limited English skills.
• Use interpreters when necessary.
• Avoid gender bias.

Ten Traps of Interviewing

• False reassurance
•   Giving unwanted advice
• Using authority
• Using avoidance language
•   Engaging in distancing
•   Using professional jargon
• Using leading/biased questions
•   Using "why" questions
•   Talking too much
• Interrupting.

Components of the Health History

• Subjective Data: Includes demographic information (age, gender, etc). reason for seeking care., past health history., medications and allergies, family history. functional health assessment (growth, development), review of systems
• Objective Data: Includes physical assessment.

Psychosocial and Lifestyle factors

• Cultural considerations
• Mental health assessment
• Abuse and violence assessment
• Sexual history
• Lifespan considerations.

### Chapter 3: Techniques, Safety, and Infection Control

• Techniques pertinent to the collection of data should be properly used.
• Safety measures and infection control procedures must be followed.

Important Infection Control Action

• Disinfect client care equipment before use in preventing the spread of infection.
• Using personal protective equipment appropriately is essential to stop the spread of infection.

Chapter 4: Documentation and Interprofessional Communication

• Medical record purposes are legal, communication and care planning, quality assurance. financial reimbursement, and research.
• Confidentiality, accuracy, and completeness of documentation.
• Organization, timeliness, and conciseness.
• Compare and contrast different documentation formats including narrative, SOAP(IE), PIE, DAR, charting by exception.
• Use SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) to communicate effectively with other health care professionals.

Question 1: Infection Control

• Proper glove use is not the only action to prevent infection spread.

Question 2: MRSA Precautions

• Disinfecting client equipment and using appropriate personal protective equipment are crucial precautions for MRSA.

Physical Assessment Components

• Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation are used to assess patients.

Inspection

• The first technique used (visual examination)
• Gain an overall impression, and observe cues.
• Expose body parts, Adequate lighting.
• Remove devices and clothing.
• Label and document findings.
• Observe if your findings match subjective reports.

Palpation

• Use of touch to assess texture, temperature, moisture, size, shape, location, position, vibration, crepitus, and pain, edema.

Percussion

• Produces sound to detect tenderness, density, and air-filled spaces.
• Types include direct and indirect percussion.

Auscultation

• Listens to sounds through a stethoscope. Different sides of the stethoscope for different purposes (diaphragm for general sounds; bell for small sounds/murmurs).

Additional Considerations

• Using a specific medical record container for medical wastes.

Test your knowledge on essential nursing practices and concepts with this quiz. Questions cover infection control, physical assessment techniques, therapeutic communication, and documentation standards. Perfect for nursing students looking to reinforce their understanding of fundamental topics in healthcare.