Nursing Fundamentals and History
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of nursing according to Virginia Henderson?

  • To assist the individual in performing daily activities
  • To provide medical care to patients
  • To prescribe medications to patients
  • To assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (correct)

    • What is a key factor influencing changes in nursing practice?

  • Advancements in medical technology
  • Lack of nursing staff
  • Increased focus on preventative care
  • Changes in society, such as demographic changes and health care reform (correct)

    • What is one of the four aims of nursing?

  • Managing hospital operations
  • Curing illnesses
  • Conducting medical research
  • Restoring health (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of nursing as a profession?

    <p>Requires an extended education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing?

    <p>She organized the first school of nursing and improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of nursing as a discipline?

    <p>Body of knowledge, practice, and system of rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standards of practice in nursing?

    <p>To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge facing the nursing profession?

    <p>Nursing shortage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care standards?

    <p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the philosophical ideal that defines principles used to provide care in nursing?

    <p>Code of ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nurses in patient care?

    <p>Protect, promote, and optimize patient health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of specialty certification in nursing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge facing the healthcare system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of preventive care and primary care?

    <p>Improved health outcomes for an entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nursing as a profession?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of health promotion on healthcare costs?

    <p>Lowers overall costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nursing Responsibilities and Goals

    • Respond to patients' needs, participate in policy-making, adapt to challenges, and make clinical judgments based on knowledge, experience, and standard of care.
    • Provide care according to standards of practice and a code of ethics.

    History of Nursing

    • Florence Nightingale: first epidemiologist, founder of the first school of nursing, and pioneer of improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals. Her practices remain fundamental to nursing today.

    Definition of Nursing

    • According to Virginia Henderson, "the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death)".

    Aims of Nursing

    Promote Wellness

    • Maintain physical, emotional, and mental well-being.

    Prevent Illness

    • Reduce the prevalence and incidence of diseases.

    Restore Health

    • Help patients recover from illness.

    Facilitate Coping

    • Prevent harm or diminish threats.

    Influences on Nursing

    • Changes in society lead to changes in nursing, including:
      • Health care reform
      • Demographic changes
      • Medically underserved populations
      • Threat of bioterrorism
      • Rising health care costs
      • Nursing shortage

    Nursing as a Profession

    • Requires an extended education
    • Involves a body of knowledge
    • Provides a specific service
    • Has autonomy
    • Incorporates a code of ethics

    Nursing as a Discipline

    • A unique perspective or way of viewing something
    • A body of knowledge, practice, and system of rules
    • Defines the boundaries in which we practice

    Scope and Standards of Practice

    • Goals: to improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice.

    Nursing Standards

    • Provide guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care, including: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

    Standards of Professional Performance

    • Ethics: involve education, evidence-based practice, and research.
    • Quality of practice: includes communication, leadership, and collaboration.
    • Professional practice evaluation: considers resources and environmental health.

    Code of Ethics

    • Define principles used to provide care based on philosophical ideals of right and wrong.
    • Importance of incorporating personal values and ethics into practice.

    Nursing Roles

    • Protect, promote, and optimize patient health.
    • Prevent illness and injury, alleviate suffering through diagnosis and treatment.
    • Advocate for patient care.

    Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency

    • Five stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.

    Professional Responsibilities

    • Obtaining and maintaining specific knowledge and skills.
    • Providing care and comfort, emphasizing health promotion and illness prevention.

    Professional Roles

    • Autonomy and accountability.
    • Caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator, and manager roles.

    Members of the Health Care Team

    • Patients and families, volunteers, physicians, spiritual counselors, social workers, pharmacists, home health aides, therapists, and nurses.

    Specialty Certification

    • Defined by the American Board of Nursing Specialties (ABNS) as formal recognition of specialized knowledge, skills, and experience.
    • Establishes a professional standard for qualified nurses and demonstrates commitment to a particular specialty.

    Challenges to Health Care

    • Reducing costs while maintaining high-quality care.
    • Improving access and coverage for more people.
    • Encouraging healthy behaviors.
    • Earlier hospital discharges.

    Health Care Settings and Services

      1. Preventive care.
      1. Primary care.
      1. Secondary care.
      1. Tertiary care.
      1. Restorative care.
      1. Continuing care.

    Preventive Care and Primary Care

    • Focuses on improving health outcomes for an entire population.
    • Requires collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members.
    • Health promotion lowers overall costs by:
      • Reducing the incidence of disease.
      • Minimizing complications.
      • Reducing the need for more expensive resources.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental principles of nursing, including patient care, clinical judgments, and standards of practice. Learn about the contributions of Florence Nightingale and other pioneers in the field.

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