Nursing Duties and Surgical Conditions

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step to perform before getting out of bed?

Sit up straight on the edge of the bed.

Turn on your side. (correct)

Trace circles with your feet.

Push yourself with both hands.

Which of the following should be done to ensure patient safety when administering preanesthetic medication?

Keep the patient in bed with side rails raised. (correct)

Raise the bed to a sitting position.

Ensure the patient is wearing jewelry.

Allow the patient to walk around before the procedure.

What should be done with the patient’s hair before entering the operating room?

Leave it loose and untied.

Cover it with a disposable hair cap. (correct)

Cut it short for convenience.

Apply hair products to maintain style.

What is a critical aspect of transporting a patient to the operating room?

Ensure the patient is comfortable on a stretcher. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken regarding the patient's clothing before the surgery?

Ensure the gown is open at the back and untied. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus in the care of post-operative patients regarding respiratory function?

Preventing pulmonary complications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a urinary complication that can arise post-operatively?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

What complication is characterized by a buildup of fluid leading to a bloated abdomen post-surgery?

Paralytic ileus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary strategy to promote wound healing after surgery?

Encouraging patient mobility Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a cardiovascular complication that may occur post-operatively and requires immediate attention?

Cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a registered nurse first assistant (RNFA)?

To act in the operating room alongside surgeons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a tumor?

An abnormal growth of tissue without physiological function Signup and view all the answers

What type of surgery is performed to relieve symptoms without aiming to cure the disease?

Palliative surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surgeries is classified as a major surgery?

Lymph node dissection Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the condition of perforation?

A break in the continuity of tissue or organ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surgery would most likely be performed to investigate the extent of a disease?

Exploratory surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with minor surgery?

Typically performed with local anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a radical surgery from a simple surgery?

Simple surgery targets specific areas, while radical surgery involves extensive intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of minimally invasive surgery (MIS)?

To use one or more endoscopes to access body areas Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates between inpatient and outpatient surgery?

Outpatients return home on the same day after surgery. Signup and view all the answers

What phase of surgical anesthesia begins with regular breathing and ends with the loss of most reflexes?

Stage III Signup and view all the answers

Which method of anesthesia involves injecting medication into the epidural space?

Epidural block Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of the preoperative assessment?

To establish baseline data for future comparison Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically considered in the nutritional and fluid status assessment for surgery?

Patient’s income status Signup and view all the answers

Which position places the patient flat with their head lower than their feet?

Trendelenburg Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary factors that influences the choice of anesthesia type?

Location and duration of surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential to ensure before a patient undergoes surgery?

The patient's surgical site is documented. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the type of surgery termed 'same-day surgery'?

Patients go home on the same day as their surgery. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of anesthesia is the patient not rendered unconscious?

Peripheral nerve block Signup and view all the answers

What method uses long needles to induce anesthesia?

Acupuncture Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect should be evaluated related to medications before surgery?

Drug interactions that may compromise surgical outcomes are crucial. Signup and view all the answers

Which post-operative care phase involves monitoring in the PACU?

Immediate post-operative period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a potential risk factor to be identified in the preoperative assessment?

Physiologic factors related to the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Stage IV of surgical anesthesia?

Cessation of respiration Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the suspension of sensation in a specific region of the body?

Anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which position keeps the upper part of the patient's body raised?

Sitting/Fowler's Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Duties

Roles include scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and registered nurse first assistant (RNFA).
Patient care phase spans from admission to PACU to follow-up evaluations.

Basic Pathologic Conditions Requiring Surgery

Obstruction: Blockage affecting blood, air, CSF, urine, and bile flow, posing significant health risks.
Perforation: Rupture of organs, arteries, or blebs leading to potential complications.
Erosion: Tissue break caused by irritation or inflammation, can result in serious bleeding.
Tumors: Abnormal tissue growth with no essential physiological function.

Types of Surgical Procedures

Diagnostic: Establishes presence of disease (e.g., breast biopsy).
Exploratory: Assesses extent of a disease (e.g., exploratory laparotomy).
Curative: Targeted to treat conditions, includes ablative and reconstructive surgeries.
Palliative: Relieves distressing symptoms without curing the disease (e.g., colostomy).
Cosmetic: Enhances appearance (e.g., rhinoplasty, liposuction).

Surgery Classification

Minor Surgery: Low risk, often under local anesthesia (e.g., I&D, muscle biopsy).
Major Surgery: Involves higher risks, longer procedures involving vital organs (e.g., craniotomy).
Simple Surgery: Focuses on the most affected areas (e.g., mastectomy).
Radical Surgery: Extensive procedures targeting root causes (e.g., radical prostatectomy).
Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS): Utilizes endoscopes for diagnosis and treatment (e.g., laparoscopic surgery).

Patient Admission Types

Inpatient: Admitted to the hospital, can be same-day admission or already hospitalized.
Outpatient/Ambulatory: Patients return home the same day after surgery.

Preoperative Assessment Goals

Evaluate psychological and physiological factors.
Establish baseline data for future comparison.
Identify medications that could affect surgery outcomes.
Document preoperative tests and cultural factors impacting care.
Ensure informed consent is obtained.

Nutrition and Fluid Status

Assess patient factors such as obesity and malnutrition that can impact surgical outcomes.

Preoperative Patient Preparation

Change into a hospital gown, remove jewelry, and void before surgery.
Administer pre-anesthetic medications while monitoring patient response.
Maintain accurate preoperative records including surgical consent and lab reports.

Anesthesia Stages

Stage III: Surgical anesthesia; regular breathing; loss of eyelid reflexes.
Stage IV: Danger stage; cessation of respiration may lead to death.

Anesthesia Methods

Topical: Direct application to skin or mucous membranes.
Local: Injection near a nerve to block sensation.
Peripheral Nerve Block: Anesthetic injection around a peripheral nerve.
Spinal Anesthesia: Injection into the subarachnoid space for major surgery.
Epidural Block: Anesthetic injected into the epidural space.
Acupuncture: Insertion of needles at specific points.
Cryothermia: Use of cold for anesthesia.

Factors Influencing Anesthesia Choice

Patient age, surgical type, and complexity.
Previous anesthesia experiences and patient preferences.

Patient Positions During Surgery

Supine: Flat on table, arms at sides.
Prone: Facing the operating table.
Sitting/Fowler's: Head elevated; back raised.
Trendelenburg: Head lower than feet; enhances blood flow to vital organs.
Lithotomy: Legs flexed and supported for perineal exposure.
Lateral: Patient lies on side, upper leg straight, lower leg flexed.

Postoperative Phases

Immediate Care: Transfer to PACU, monitoring vital signs, and checking for bleeding.
Later Care: Promoting recovery through cardiovascular, respiratory, and nutritional support.

Prevention and Management of Complications

Cardiovascular: Risks include hemorrhage and cardiac arrest.
Pulmonary: Watch for atelectasis and pneumonia.
Urinary: Monitor for urinary retention and UTIs.
Wound: Identify risks of infection and dehiscence.
Gastrointestinal: Address issues like constipation and stress ulcers.

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Description

This quiz covers the various nursing roles, including scrub nurse and circulating nurse, and outlines the phases of care in the PACU. It also discusses four basic pathologic conditions that typically require surgical intervention, including obstruction and perforation.