30 Questions
What is an early sign of a respiratory problem in an infant?
Feeding difficulty
Why should antibiotics be chosen only after culture and sensitivity test results are available?
To avoid wasting treatment
Which condition makes premature infants more prone to atelectasis?
Diphtheria
What is a common complication of staphylococcal respiratory infection?
Rheumatic fever
Which respiratory condition is characterized by a 'brassy barking cough, inspiratory stridor, productive secretions, and fever'?
Spasmodic croup
What would 'suprasternal and supraclavicular retractions' indicate in a patient with a respiratory problem?
An indication of possible pneumonia
Which intervention is inappropriate for the 9-month-old baby being treated for RSV bronchiolitis?
Allay anxiety
What is one of the most important adjunct in managing patients with respiratory infections?
Chest physiotherapy
What is the best choice for in-between meal nourishment for a child with pneumonia?
Cream soup
When should chest physiotherapy be done in the management of patients with respiratory infections?
30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime
How can the nutritional intake of a child with respiratory infection be promoted?
Supplementing daily vitamins
What intervention would be least important for a child with bronchiolitis?
Giving cough suppressants
What is the name of the cardiac anomaly described in the text?
Transposition of the great arteries
Which condition is characterized by sudden, involuntary limb movements due to loss of muscle control?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What usually precedes the development of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)?
Bacterial infection
What is the main characteristic of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery
Which nursing intervention is effective in reducing cardiac workload?
Clustering nursing care to provide periods of uninterrupted rest
What is an effective way to prepare a child for cardiac catheterization?
Provide necessary information to parents to relay to the child
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a child with rheumatic fever?
Alteration in tissue perfusion
What is a common symptom seen in children with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Increasing cyanosis with crying or activity
Which statement is correct for a child with Tetralogy of Fallot?
They experience hypercyanotic or 'tet' spells
What is the priority in managing patients with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Promotion of hydration
Which nursing intervention helps reduce cardiac demands in patients with heart conditions?
Clustering nursing care to provide periods of uninterrupted rest
What complication may a week-old infant develop as a consequence of Coarctation of the Aorta?
Congestive heart failure
What is one of the characteristic signs of Kawasaki Disease?
Strawberry Tongue
Which anomaly involves displacement of major heart vessels?
TOGA/TOGV
What is a common early sign of heart failure?
Tachycardia to function effectively
What is a common parental complaint for children with acyanotic heart defects?
Difficulty in feeding
Which side of the heart normally has greater pressure?
Right side
What does a prostaglandin inhibitor need to be administered for?
TOGA/TOGV
Study Notes
Rheumatic Fever
- Rheumatic fever is a disease that affects the heart valves, especially the mitral valve.
- It can cause damage and scarring of the mitral valve.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that includes four defects:
- Displaced aorta
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Opening in the septum
- Pulmonary artery stenosis
- Symptoms include cyanosis, dyspnea, and moist cough.
- Patients may experience hypercyanotic or "tet" spells.
- They may not be symptomatic immediately after birth.
Nursing Diagnosis
- For a child with rheumatic fever, a possible nursing diagnosis is alteration in nutrition more than the body requirements.
- For a child with Tetralogy of Fallot, a possible nursing diagnosis is potential for injury.
Priority Management
- For a child with Tetralogy of Fallot, a priority in management is promotion of hydration.
- Clustering nursing care to provide periods of uninterrupted rest is an effective nursing intervention to reduce cardiac demands and decrease cardiac workload.
Coarctation of the Aorta
- Coarctation of the Aorta is a CV anomaly wherein the pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits from the right ventricle, with no communication between the systemic and pulmonic circulation.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- PDA is a defect that involves persistence of the fetal opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
Kawasaki Disease
- Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile multisystem disorder believed to be autoimmune in nature.
- Characteristic signs of Kawasaki disease include strawberry tongue and peeling of skin/skin desquamation.
Acyanotic Heart Defects
- Acyanotic heart defects are anomalies that allow movement of blood from the left side to the right side of the heart.
Cardiac Catheterization
- An effective method of preparing a child for cardiac catheterization is to provide the parents with necessary information so that they can tell the child what to expect.
Respiratory Infections
- Tachycardia, where the heart attempts to beat faster to function effectively, is one of the first signs of heart failure.
- In children with bronchiolitis, the least important factor for the nurse to consider when planning care is stand-by tracheostomy tube.
- Children with bronchiolitis are managed by giving moist oxygen, adequate rest, and chest physiotherapy.
- The best time to do chest physiotherapy is 30 minutes before each meal and at bedtime.
Nutritional Intake
- The nutritional intake of a child with respiratory infection can be promoted by giving mouth care prior to feeding.
- Fresh fruit is the best choice for in between meal nourishment for a child with pneumonia.
Respiratory System
- One of the most important adjuncts in the management of patients with respiratory infection is chest physiotherapy.
- Antibiotics are best chosen only when the results of the culture and sensitivity test are available.
Test your knowledge on selecting appropriate nursing diagnoses for pediatric patients with rheumatic fever and Tetralogy of Fallot. Choose the most suitable nursing diagnosis based on the given scenarios.
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