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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of therapeutic milieu?
Which of the following communication techniques involves empathy?
What does 'congruent communication' refer to?
Which communication technique involves giving the patient options to choose from?
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What is the effect of establishing a nurse-client relationship?
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Why is paraphrasing an important communication technique?
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Which technique should be used to help clients organize their thoughts in a structured manner?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of communication in a therapeutic setting?
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What is the primary purpose of the DSM?
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What characterizes reaction formation as a defense mechanism?
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Which neurotransmitter is associated with promoting rest and sleep?
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What is sublimation in the context of psychological defense mechanisms?
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Which of the following is true about repression as a defense mechanism?
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What adjustment might occur in the body with decreased levels of acetylcholine?
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How does substitution function as a psychological mechanism?
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Which of the following best describes symbolization in psychological terms?
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What is the primary function of dopamine in the brain?
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Increased levels of norepinephrine can lead to which of the following conditions?
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What happens when serotonin levels are decreased?
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What effect does gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have in the nervous system?
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What are the potential consequences of increased levels of glutamate?
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Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of avoiding harm to clients in healthcare?
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Under which circumstance can medication be forced upon a patient?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in regulating mood and sleep?
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Which of the following is an example of a nontherapeutic communication technique?
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What does displacement refer to in defense mechanisms?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of intellectualization as a defense mechanism?
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Why should 'why' questions be avoided in therapeutic settings?
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Which of the following defense mechanisms involves creating a physical symptom to escape a mental conflict?
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What does the term 'projection' in defense mechanisms describe?
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Which technique best encourages a client to explore their feelings during a conversation?
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What is the main issue with social responding in a therapeutic setting?
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What is the primary goal of tort law?
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Which of the following is an example of intentional tort?
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What are the essential elements required to prove malpractice?
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What constitutes defamation of character?
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In the context of negligence, what does 'standard of care' refer to?
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Under what condition can touching without consent be considered lawful?
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What is necessary for false imprisonment to be lawful?
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Which of the following best defines 'competency' in a legal context?
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Study Notes
Spirituality and Illness
- Spirituality can aid recovery from illnesses, regardless of religious affiliation.
Therapeutic Milieu
- A structured environment supports mental health treatment, enhancing safety and psychosocial skills.
- Knowledge of patient preferences is essential for creating a safe space.
Goals of Communication
- Establish a collaborative nurse-client relationship to set appropriate goals.
- Focus on client-centered care and understanding individual needs.
- Help clients identify a care plan and increase insight into their behavior.
Types of Communication
- Verbal and nonverbal communication each hold significant meaning.
- Congruent communication ensures expressions align with verbal messages.
- "Mood" reflects self-reported feelings, while "affect" involves external observations.
Communication Techniques
- Broad openings encourage more expansive conversations.
- Paraphrasing aids clarification and reassurance.
- Offering general leads expresses interest and encouragement to continue sharing.
- Reflecting feelings embodies empathy, facilitating understanding.
- Focusing helps channel client attention to specific issues or emotions.
- Voicing doubt and clarifying promote exploration of events and thoughts.
- Encouraging care plan formation actively involves the client in their treatment.
- Active listening and summarizing demonstrate engagement and clarity.
Nontherapeutic Communication
- Avoid closed-ended questions that limit client expression.
- Refrain from disagreeing, belittling, or engaging in social responding irrelevant to care.
- Never offer false reassurance or moralize clients' decisions.
- Avoid interpreting or challenging client statements, and be cautious with "why" questions.
Defense Mechanisms
- Compensation involves making up for perceived deficits.
- Conversion results in physical symptoms stemming from mental conflicts.
- Denial is the refusal to acknowledge reality.
- Displacement channels feelings onto another target.
- Dissociation detaches from emotional conflicts, sometimes involving memory loss.
- Intellectualization focuses on reasoning over emotions.
- Repression suppresses thoughts subconsciously.
- Sublimation redirects unacceptable urges into socially acceptable actions.
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
- A classification system for mental disorders aiding in reliable diagnosis.
- Organized by developmental age, beginning with disorders common in childhood.
Purpose of DSM
- Serves as a diagnostic tool for various healthcare professionals.
- Facilitates communication regarding diagnoses for clinical, insurance, and legal purposes.
Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine: Linked to muscle control and memory; decreased levels associated with Alzheimer's.
- Dopamine: Influences movement and reward; imbalances associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's.
- Norepinephrine: Regulates alertness; linked to anxiety and depression.
- Serotonin: Affects mood and sleep; critical in depression and OCD.
- GABA: Inhibitory neurotransmitter linked to anxiety disorders; decreased levels cause irritability and insomnia.
- Glutamate & Aspartate: Essential excitatory neurotransmitters; imbalances relate to anxiety and learning issues.
Legality of Mental Health
- Ethical Principles: Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and veracity guide mental healthcare practice.
- Tort Law: Addresses civil wrongs with an emphasis on compensation rather than punishment.
- Intentional Torts: Actions performed with harmful intent, such as assault or defamation.
- Negligence: Unintentional harm due to failure to meet a standard of care, potentially leading to malpractice claims.
Patient Rights
- All patients possess fundamental rights in healthcare, ensuring fair and ethical treatment.
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Description
This quiz explores the intersection of spirituality and mental health treatment. It covers the importance of communication techniques and therapeutic environments in nursing practice. Test your knowledge on how spirituality can enhance recovery and the goals of effective communication in nursing.