Nursing Chapter Review: Electrolytes and Inflammation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pertussis?

It is highly contagious.

It is caused by a virus. (correct)

It can cause serious complications such as pneumonia and seizures.

It primarily affects infants.

What is the primary function of CD8 cells in the immune system?

Regulating inflammation.

Producing antibodies.

Directly attacking and destroying infected cells. (correct)

Activating other immune cells.

Which of the following is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Bordetella pertussis

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)

Which of the following describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, while adaptive immunity is activated after exposure to pathogens. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding MRSA?

It is a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasoactive amines, like epinephrine, during the hemostasis phase of wound healing?

Cause short-term vasoconstriction to limit blood loss (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

Recruit immune cells through chemotaxis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for forming the extracellular matrix and synthesizing collagen during the proliferative phase of wound healing?

Fibroblasts (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytokines?

They can only amplify inflammatory reactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of increased vascular permeability during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

To allow for the escape of neutrophils and other immune cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key acute phase protein that helps mark foreign material for phagocytosis?

C-reactive protein (CRP) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in the process of chemotaxis during the inflammatory response?

The release of chemokines by damaged tissues and immune cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key event involved in the hemostasis phase of wound healing?

Phagocytosis of debris (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?

Engulfing and destroying pathogens. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic response to inflammation?

Leukocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the proliferative phase of wound healing, what is the primary role of vascular endothelial cells?

To form new blood vessels (angiogenesis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the complement system?

Augmenting immunity by attacking foreign cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

To engulf pathogens, dead cells, and debris (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does an elevated ESR suggest inflammation?

Increased levels of inflammatory proteins in the blood. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long do neutrophils typically survive in the body?

A few days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for fever-inducing substances released during infection?

Pyrogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of localized inflammation?

Pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibrinogen in inflammation?

It promotes the formation of blood clots to seal wounds. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the maturation/remodeling phase of wound healing?

The wound is filled in with epithelial cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication that can arise from excessive scarring?

Keloid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mast cells in the inflammatory response?

To release histamine and other mediators, promoting vasodilation and increased permeability (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct result of histamine release during inflammation?

Pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

To secrete growth factors and cytokines to promote wound healing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the narrowing of an open area, such as the esophagus, due to scar tissue?

Stricture (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major contributor to the redness and warmth associated with inflammation?

Increased blood flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and inflammation?

The hypothalamus receives signals from the inflammatory response and can regulate body temperature. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for the release of histamine during inflammation?

Mast cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of chronic inflammation?

Autoimmune responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of white blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

Neutrophils (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a systemic response to infection?

Increased Appetite (A) Signup and view all the answers

What immune cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?

Lymphocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that can lead to immunosuppression?

Physical Exercise (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

Non-specific response to pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?

Coordinate immune responses and communication (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?

Antibodies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity?

Producing antibodies against specific pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the other major category of adaptive immunity besides B lymphocyte immunity?

Cellular immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity is non-specific, while adaptive immunity is specific (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 7- Electrolytes

Pg 133 chart for hypo and hyper electrolytes.

Chapter 8 - ABGs

Pg 150 chart.

Chapter 41/42 - Picture Packet

Information in a picture packet.

Chapter 9 - Inflammation and Wound Healing

Inflammation Process: The body's response to injury or infection, typically multi-step.
- Vasodilation: Blood vessels expand to increase blood flow.
- Increased Vascular Permeability: Allows proteins, immune cells, etc., to enter the tissue.
- Chemotaxis: White blood cells move to injury site, directed by signals.
- Phagocytosis: Immune cells engulf pathogens, debris.
- Resolution or Repair: Tissue regenerates or forms scar tissue.
Wound Healing or Complications/Disruptions: Healing involves several stages:
- Hemostasis: Immediate response to stop bleeding.
- Inflammatory Phase: Body cleans the wound.
- Proliferative Phase: New tissue, fibroblasts, and vessels develop.
- Maturation/Remodeling Phase: Collagen reorganized.
Complications: Infection, excessive scarring, chronic inflammation, wound rupture, contractures, strictures, fistula, and adhesions.
Mast Cells: Critical for inflammatory response, release histamine, heparin, and other mediators, aiding vasodilation and permeability.
Histamine: A potent vasodilator, increasing blood vessel permeability and allowing white blood cells to enter tissues.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from chapters on electrolytes, ABGs, and the processes of inflammation and wound healing. Test your knowledge of body responses to injury and the stages of the healing process. Charts and defined terms will help solidify your understanding.