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Questions and Answers
Amphoteric molecules can function as both a weak acid and a weak base.
Amphoteric molecules can function as both a weak acid and a weak base.
True
Respiratory acidosis is indicated by PCO2 levels above 45 mm Hg.
Respiratory acidosis is indicated by PCO2 levels above 45 mm Hg.
True
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by excessive loss of bicarbonate ions.
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by excessive loss of bicarbonate ions.
True
Type A intercalated cells in the kidneys exhibit bicarbonate ion secretion during alkalosis.
Type A intercalated cells in the kidneys exhibit bicarbonate ion secretion during alkalosis.
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The kidneys are responsible for regulating respiratory acid-base balance.
The kidneys are responsible for regulating respiratory acid-base balance.
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Chemical buffers can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide.
Chemical buffers can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide.
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Thirst is triggered by an increase in plasma volume or a decline in plasma osmolality
Thirst is triggered by an increase in plasma volume or a decline in plasma osmolality
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Aldosterone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys
Aldosterone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys
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Edema is a normal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
Edema is a normal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
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Hypotonic hydration results from excessive water intake, leading to cellular dehydration
Hypotonic hydration results from excessive water intake, leading to cellular dehydration
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is triggered by fever, sweating, vomiting, and blood loss
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is triggered by fever, sweating, vomiting, and blood loss
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Dehydration causes positive fluid balance and may lead to hypovolemic shock
Dehydration causes positive fluid balance and may lead to hypovolemic shock
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Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low PCO2 and low bicarbonate levels
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low PCO2 and low bicarbonate levels
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Alkalosis is characterized by low PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels
Alkalosis is characterized by low PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels
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The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body to offset acidosis
The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body to offset acidosis
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Water content of the body is greatest at adulthood, when it is about 58%
Water content of the body is greatest at adulthood, when it is about 58%
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Elders may be unresponsive to thirst clues and are at risk of dehydration
Elders may be unresponsive to thirst clues and are at risk of dehydration
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Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance occur in the young due to high residual lung volume
Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance occur in the young due to high residual lung volume
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Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy.
Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy.
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Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells.
Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells.
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Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts.
Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts.
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Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior.
Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior.
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Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum.
Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum.
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Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0.
Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0.
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Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are 73% or more water
Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are 73% or more water
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Healthy males are about 60% water; healthy females are around 50%
Healthy males are about 60% water; healthy females are around 50%
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Water occupies two main fluid compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Water occupies two main fluid compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)
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Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood and is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF)
Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood and is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF)
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In old age, about 60% of body weight is water
In old age, about 60% of body weight is water
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Interstitial fluid (IF) is the fluid in spaces between cells and is part of the intracellular fluid (ICF)
Interstitial fluid (IF) is the fluid in spaces between cells and is part of the intracellular fluid (ICF)
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Study Notes
Regulation of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
- Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy
- Potassium balance affects cell membrane potential and can disrupt heart conduction
- Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells
- Cortical collecting ducts control potassium balance by changing the amount of potassium secreted into filtrate
- Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts
- Aldosterone stimulates potassium ion secretion by principal cells in cortical collecting ducts
- Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior
- PTH promotes an increase in calcium levels by targeting bones, small intestine, and kidneys
- Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum
- Chloride is the major anion in the ECF, with 99% reabsorbed under normal pH conditions
- Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0
- Hydrogen ions originate from cellular metabolism, anaerobic respiration, fat metabolism, and transport of carbon dioxide as bicarbonate
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Description
Test your knowledge of the regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance with this quiz. Explore topics such as sodium reabsorption, potassium balance, hydrogen ion shifts, calcium levels, and pH regulation within the body.
