Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance Quiz

Amphoteric molecules can function as both a weak acid and a weak base.

Respiratory acidosis is indicated by PCO2 levels above 45 mm Hg.

Metabolic acidosis can be caused by excessive loss of bicarbonate ions.

Type A intercalated cells in the kidneys exhibit bicarbonate ion secretion during alkalosis.

The kidneys are responsible for regulating respiratory acid-base balance.

Chemical buffers can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide.

Thirst is triggered by an increase in plasma volume or a decline in plasma osmolality

Aldosterone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys

Edema is a normal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

Hypotonic hydration results from excessive water intake, leading to cellular dehydration

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is triggered by fever, sweating, vomiting, and blood loss

Dehydration causes positive fluid balance and may lead to hypovolemic shock

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low PCO2 and low bicarbonate levels

Alkalosis is characterized by low PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels

The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body to offset acidosis

Water content of the body is greatest at adulthood, when it is about 58%

Elders may be unresponsive to thirst clues and are at risk of dehydration

Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance occur in the young due to high residual lung volume

Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy.

Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells.

Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts.

Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior.

Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum.

Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0.

Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are 73% or more water

Healthy males are about 60% water; healthy females are around 50%

Water occupies two main fluid compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood and is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF)

In old age, about 60% of body weight is water

Interstitial fluid (IF) is the fluid in spaces between cells and is part of the intracellular fluid (ICF)