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Questions and Answers
Amphoteric molecules can function as both a weak acid and a weak base.
True
Respiratory acidosis is indicated by PCO2 levels above 45 mm Hg.
True
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by excessive loss of bicarbonate ions.
True
Type A intercalated cells in the kidneys exhibit bicarbonate ion secretion during alkalosis.
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The kidneys are responsible for regulating respiratory acid-base balance.
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Chemical buffers can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide.
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Thirst is triggered by an increase in plasma volume or a decline in plasma osmolality
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Aldosterone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys
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Edema is a normal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
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Hypotonic hydration results from excessive water intake, leading to cellular dehydration
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is triggered by fever, sweating, vomiting, and blood loss
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Dehydration causes positive fluid balance and may lead to hypovolemic shock
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Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low PCO2 and low bicarbonate levels
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Alkalosis is characterized by low PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels
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The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body to offset acidosis
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Water content of the body is greatest at adulthood, when it is about 58%
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Elders may be unresponsive to thirst clues and are at risk of dehydration
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Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance occur in the young due to high residual lung volume
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Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy.
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Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells.
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Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts.
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Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior.
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Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum.
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Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0.
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Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are 73% or more water
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Healthy males are about 60% water; healthy females are around 50%
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Water occupies two main fluid compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)
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Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood and is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF)
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In old age, about 60% of body weight is water
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Interstitial fluid (IF) is the fluid in spaces between cells and is part of the intracellular fluid (ICF)
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Study Notes
Regulation of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
- Estrogens enhance NaCl reabsorption and cause water retention during menstrual cycles and edema during pregnancy
- Potassium balance affects cell membrane potential and can disrupt heart conduction
- Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells, influencing potassium levels and interfering with excitable cells
- Cortical collecting ducts control potassium balance by changing the amount of potassium secreted into filtrate
- Plasma potassium concentration influences the secretion of potassium by the collecting ducts
- Aldosterone stimulates potassium ion secretion by principal cells in cortical collecting ducts
- Ionic calcium in ECF is crucial for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, and secretory behavior
- PTH promotes an increase in calcium levels by targeting bones, small intestine, and kidneys
- Filtered phosphate is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, regulated by its transport maximum
- Chloride is the major anion in the ECF, with 99% reabsorbed under normal pH conditions
- Normal pH of body fluids: arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, intracellular fluid is 7.0
- Hydrogen ions originate from cellular metabolism, anaerobic respiration, fat metabolism, and transport of carbon dioxide as bicarbonate
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Description
Test your knowledge of the regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance with this quiz. Explore topics such as sodium reabsorption, potassium balance, hydrogen ion shifts, calcium levels, and pH regulation within the body.
