Nursing Chapter 1: Public Health vs Community Health

Questions and Answers

Using Healthy People 2020 as a guide, the community health nurse would include which factor in a teaching plan to demonstrate that the targeted population understands the basic information provided during an educational session?

Episodic needs

Self-care

Health disparities

Health literacy (correct)

Which would be crucial for the community health nurse to address as the priority when dealing with policymakers about the development of community health programs?

Research-based best practices (correct)

Amount of services to be provided

Scarcity of the available resources

Follow-up

After a class that described the differences between acute care nursing and community health nursing, which statement by the class about community health nurses indicates successful teaching?

Concentrate on the illness end of the continuum.

Seek out potential health problems. (correct)

Use a reactive approach.

Emphasize curative care.

Which activities would be associated with a community health nurse?

Participating in health policy analysis Signup and view all the answers

How would the community health nurse define health?

A holistic state of well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which statement by one of the nursing students would best describe the similarities and differences between public health and community health?

ty health nursing can shape the quality of community health services Signup and view all the answers

Which statement would best describe the difference between public health nursing and community health nursing?

Community health practice refers to a focus on specific, designated communities and is a part of the larger public health effort. Signup and view all the answers

The community health nurse is developing a plan of secondary prevention activities. Which actions might the nurse include?

Providing skin testing for tuberculosis for children over 1 year of age Signup and view all the answers

The community health nurse is developing a plan of secondary prevention activities. Which actions would the nurse incorporate into the plan?

Educating high-risk community groups about the importance of exercise at a hypertension clinic Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is most accurate about the concept of community?

A community is a collection of people who share some important features of their lives. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement indicates that the students understand these concepts?

Communities and populations are types of aggregates. Signup and view all the answers

The community health nurse is developing a plan of secondary prevention activities. Which actions would the nurse incorporate into the plan?

Participating in diabetes screening programs at health fairs Signup and view all the answers

Which would a community health nurse identify as a community of common interest?

National professional organization Signup and view all the answers

The community health nurse is developing a plan of tertiary prevention activities. Which actions might the nurse include?

Developing an exercise plan for COPD clients Signup and view all the answers

The community health nurse is developing a plan of tertiary prevention activities. Which actions might the nurse incorporate into the plan?

Providing a support group for breast cancer survivors Signup and view all the answers

When discussing the concept of the health continuum with a class, the nurse educator would be certain to include which statement in the description?

Wellness is a relative concept, and illness is a state of being relatively unhealthy. Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is discussing with a student nurse, the importance of engaging in assurance activities. Which statement made by the student nurse would demonstrate an understanding of assurance activities?

Assurance activities involve focusing on the availability of necessary health services. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition given as an example by a student would indicate that the class has understood the lesson?

Mental health Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference between health promotion and disease prevention?

Disease prevention differs from health promotion in that disease prevention is targeted toward a specific disease or diseases. Signup and view all the answers

When fulfilling the function of assessment, which action would be most important for the community health nurse to take?

Gather appropriate information. Signup and view all the answers

The student nurses are engaged in which example of:

health promotion. Signup and view all the answers

Which description of community health nursing would the nurse most likely include in the presentation?

Working with the client as an equal partner Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is coordinating the services and addressing the needs of the population groups to demonstrate:

continuity of service. Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse works to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people by applying:

utilitarianism. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept would the nursing instructor include when comparing evidence-based practice and critical thinking?

Problem clarification of central concepts is inherent to both. Signup and view all the answers

What actions should nursing professionals take to promote health care? (Select all that apply)

Work collaboratively with other health professionals to promote health care. Signup and view all the answers

A nursing instructor is describing the history related to the development of community health nursing. The nurse recognizes that the students understand the teaching when they identify which contribution had the greatest influence?

The settings and the nurses delivering health care in the community Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes evidence-based nursing practice?

We are not translating the knowledge that we are gaining into clinical practice. Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is discussing the growth and changes of community health nursing with a group of student nurses. Which factor will the nurse mention is most notable before 1850?

Care provided by family members, friends, and religious groups in the home Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the steps of the EBP process is most accurate?

The first step in the EBP process is to cultivate a spirit of inquiry. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cultivating a spirit of inquiry is most accurate?

In order for effective change to occur, current practices must be continually examined, questioned, and challenged. Signup and view all the answers

A nurse instructor is preparing to discuss the various forms of community health nursing with the class. Which form of service will the instructor identify as the most recent?

Focus on populations with community health nursing seen as a specialty field Signup and view all the answers

Which statements about the impact of research on community health nursing are true? (Select all that apply)

Research will affect the effectiveness of community health nursing practice. Signup and view all the answers

Which district nursing role most contributed to the advancement of public health nursing?

Teaching hygiene and cleanliness Signup and view all the answers

A nurse recognizes that each stage of community health nursing has certain emphasis and characteristics. What was a defining characteristic during of the public health nursing stage?

Family considered as the primary unit of care Signup and view all the answers

Which step must occur before nursing research results can be applied to community health nursing practice?

Be informed about research findings. Signup and view all the answers

After teaching a class on values, which statement by the class indicates the need for additional teaching?

Terminal values are not significant to our discussions. Signup and view all the answers

Nursing group of student nurses are preparing to create a poster depicting the various contributions to public health nursing by Lillian Wald. Which contributions will the students include? Select all that apply.

Demonstrating the effectiveness of placing school nurses in public schools to reduce absenteeism and improve follow-up of problems identified in school children Signup and view all the answers

The nurse recognizes Lillian Wald as an early leader and innovator of community health nursing. Which contribution is attributed to Wald?

Establishment of family-centered nursing and outreach services in New York City at the turn of the 20th century Signup and view all the answers

A group of student nurses are discussing the many traits necessary to be a public health nurse. Which early leader should the students recognize as an example of advocacy for her patients by defying the laws of her time?

Margaret Sanger Signup and view all the answers

A prospective nursing student is interested in working in community health nursing after graduation. Which level of education would be most appropriate for this student to complete?

Baccalaureate degree Signup and view all the answers

As the field of public health nursing advanced, providing adequate education became vital. Which piece of legislation is recognized as providing federal funds to support advanced training for public health nursing in the 1950s?

Health Amendment Act Signup and view all the answers

A group of students are reviewing the history of public health nursing and the evolution of the education preparing the nurse to take on this role. Which training will the students recognize from the 1960s that emphasized primary health care to rural areas?

Nurse practitioners Signup and view all the answers

Florence Nightingale's work is fundamental to nursing today. Which are essential elements learned in nursing? Select all that apply.

Hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)

Securing the trust of others Signup and view all the answers

With which activity would the community health nurse be most involved in policy development?

Empowering communities about important health issues Signup and view all the answers

Which function is the nurse fulfilling while preparing a community disaster plan?

Assurance Signup and view all the answers

The nurse engaged in systematic investigation of birth weights of newborns to mothers who smoked is acting in which role?

Researcher Signup and view all the answers

The nurse promotes health by collaborating with others in which role?

Collaborator Signup and view all the answers

Which role is described when the nurse makes home visits and holds immunization clinics?

Clinician Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nurse fulfill when planning client care and supervising staff?

Manager Signup and view all the answers

In which role is the nurse acting when contacting social services for family assistance?

Advocate Signup and view all the answers

Which action best exemplifies the attributes of a community health nurse in the researcher role?

Evaluating the correlation between variables in specific health conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the educator role in public health nursing functions is true?

The educator role has potential for greater receptivity and higher-yield results. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the importance of the collaborator role is true?

Successful community health practice depends on multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about community health nursing roles is true?

The nurse can serve as an advocate for vulnerable populations. Signup and view all the answers

In which practice setting does a community health nurse primarily focus on a specific religious congregation?

Faith community nursing Signup and view all the answers

Which statement differentiates the home setting for community health nursing from other settings?

The client is viewed within their environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which facility is an example of an ambulatory service setting?

Family planning clinic Signup and view all the answers

Which role was primary for nurses for many years in the occupational setting?

Clinician Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is working as a lobbyist for health legislation at the state capital. In which setting is this nurse practicing?

Community at large Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the description of school nursing?

They include health education and advocacy. Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is assuming the role of a manager. Which problem-solving activity should the nurse address first when designing a community health fair?

Planning Signup and view all the answers

Which statement demonstrates the correct interpretation of which role must be assumed in every situation?

The role of manager must be played in every situation. Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is serving as a health consultant for the local school board. In which setting is this nurse practicing?

Community at large Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is working as a cardiac rehabilitation nurse. In which setting is this nurse practicing?

Ambulatory service Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is developing a community-wide drug campaign for middle school children. Which level of prevention is this activity?

Primary Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is working in a clinic on tribal lands. In which setting is this nurse practicing?

Ambulatory service Signup and view all the answers

A community health nurse is working at a juvenile group home. In which setting is this nurse practicing?

Residential institution Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is providing health services to groups and populations. What role is the nurse performing?

Clinician role Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is shadowing the nurse manager of the clinic. Which behavior is consistent with this role?

Collaborating with other members of the clinic to evaluate utilization of resources. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Public Health vs. Community Health

Community health nursing influences the quality of community health services and promotes healthy behaviors.
Public health nursing focuses on the community as a client, while community health nursing can include both acute and institutional settings.
Community health practice zeroes in on specific communities, recognizing public health principles as foundational.

Understanding Community

A community is defined as a collection of individuals who share significant life features, not necessarily tied to a specific geographic location.
Members of populations do not share a sense of belonging compared to those in communities who interact based on common interests.

Concepts of Populations and Aggregates

Communities and populations are categorized as types of aggregates, which comprise distinct individuals loosely associated with each other.
An aggregate is a grouping of individuals who might not have strong connections but are considered as a whole.

Types of Communities

A common-interest community is composed of individuals sharing a specific goal or interest, such as a national professional organization.
Geographic communities are defined by locational boundaries, while communities of solution address specific health problems collectively.

Health Continuum

Health is a continuum ranging from optimal health to total disability or death; boundary lines between health and illness are unclear.
Illness is perceived as a state of being relatively unhealthy, reflecting the need for a holistic understanding of health.

Health Indicators

Mental health is a leading health indicator alongside factors like physical activity and substance use.
Examples of specific health conditions, such as cardiac and respiratory diseases, are assessed as part of overall health indicators.

Health Promotion vs. Disease Prevention

Health promotion encompasses efforts to enhance overall well-being, while disease prevention focuses on minimizing specific diseases.
Disease prevention activities can be primary, secondary, or tertiary, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

Community Health Activities

Primary prevention includes strategies like safe sex education, safety device encouragement for seniors, and immunization programs.
Secondary prevention encompasses screening activities like cholesterol checks and tuberculosis testing.

Role of Community Health Nurses

Community health nurses partner with clients, promoting autonomy and focusing on both continuous care and individual needs.
Efforts to provide continuity of services through coordination of programs, like immunization initiatives, are crucial to effective community health nursing.

Ethical Principles in Health Care

Utilitarianism drives the goal of prioritizing the greatest good for the largest number of people in health-related decision making.
Justice and autonomy are fundamental ethical considerations in equitable health care provision.

Priority Areas for Community Health Programs

Research-based best practices should guide the development of community health programs in collaboration with policymakers.
Understanding health literacy is essential for effective health education and ensuring populations can apply health information appropriately.### Community Health Nursing Overview
Community health nurses provide policymakers with information regarding service needs and resource scarcity, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice.
Community health nursing focuses on preventive measures, proactive approaches, and seeking out potential health problems, unlike acute care nursing which is more reactive.

Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurses

Responsibilities include examining infants, caring for elderly patients, conducting epidemiological research, and participating in health policy analysis.
Involved in secondary prevention activities such as flu vaccinations, hypertension screenings, and tuberculosis skin testing, aimed at early detection and management of health issues.

Definitions of Health

Health is viewed holistically, as a state of well-being encompassing the mind, body, and spirit, going beyond the mere absence of disease or environmental toxins.

Objective and Subjective Dimensions of Health

Objective health dimensions relate to an individual's ability to function in daily activities, while subjective dimensions involve personal feelings toward health status.

Population-Oriented Focus

Emphasizes assessing relationships among groups to identify common health needs or risks, highlighting the importance of community context over individual demographics.

Indicators of Community Health Needs

Evidence of community needs such as high unemployment rates is critical for deciding the necessity of additional health programs and services.

Prevention Strategies

Secondary Prevention: Screening programs for hypertension or skin cancer; aims to detect health issues early when intervention can lead to better outcomes.
Tertiary Prevention: Focuses on minimizing disabilities and preserving function for existing health problems, which may include support groups or rehabilitation programs.

Assurance Activities

Vital actions to ensure that health services are available, which include maintaining public health agency operations and emergency capacity.

Establishing Trust in Communities

A key foundational action for community health nurses is securing trust, which enables access to clients and improves engagement with difficult populations.

Policy Development in Community Health

Community health nurses empower and educate communities on health issues, aligning their activities with the broader public health policy development framework.

Collaborative Planning and Data Collection

Community health nurses work with local leaders on disaster planning. They also engage in research activities, collecting data to understand health trends and inform community health strategies.### Community Health Nursing Roles
A community health nurse works with multiple members of the health team, exercising joint collaboration in a common endeavor (Collaborator role).
In the Manager role, the nurse provides administrative direction towards achieving specified goals, including planning client care, leading staff conferences, and supervising staff members.
As a Clinician, the nurse ensures the provision of health care services to individuals, families, groups, and populations, including making home visits, holding immunization clinics, and setting up flu shot clinics.
The nurse acts as an Advocate by pleading the cause of clients, showing them available services, and helping them obtain necessary assistance.
In the Educator role, the nurse is the health teacher, providing information to community clients, and developing curricula for specific populations (e.g., high-risk teens).
As a Researcher, the nurse engages in systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data to solve problems and enhance community health practice, such as evaluating the correlation between variables in specific health conditions.

Community Health Nursing Settings

Faith community nursing focuses on the faith community and religious belief system, providing education, screening, referral, and support to individuals within a specific congregation.
Home setting: the nurse views the client within their environment, and technologically advanced care is increasing in demand.
Ambulatory service settings include various venues for community health nursing, such as family planning clinics, where clients come for day or evening services without overnight stays.
Occupational health settings involve the nurse acting as a clinician, educator, and leader, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and employee advocacy.
School nursing involves the nurse initially as a clinician, but now expanding to include health education, interprofessional collaboration, and client advocacy.
Community at large setting: the nurse serves on health care planning committees, lobbies for health legislation, runs for a school board position, or assists with disaster relief.

Management and Problem-Solving

The management process incorporates planning, organizing, leading, and controlling and evaluating, with planning being the first activity.
Essential skills and behaviors for an Advocate include assertiveness, ability to negotiate, and risk-taking.

Educator Role

The nurse develops curricula for specific populations and orders educational materials for use in classes.
The educator role involves planning and preparing educational programs for community clients.

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Description

Quiz on the similarities and differences between public health and community health, as learned by nursing students.