COPY: NIH Final Exam Review

What is a key characteristic common to all types of shock?

Which type of shock is primarily caused by a significant decrease in circulating blood volume?

What primarily causes cardiogenic shock?

What complication can arise from shock if the brain experiences anoxic conditions for over 4 minutes?

Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of septic shock?

What type of shock is characterized by excessive dilation of venules and arterioles?

Which condition is a potential cause of neurogenic shock?

What vital sign change is typically associated with shock conditions?

What is a primary cause of hypovolemic shock?

Which treatment should be prioritized for a patient with septic shock?

What is a common misconception about anaphylactic shock management?

What symptom is most indicative of septic shock?

Which factor is a common cause of neurogenic shock?

Which of the following actions should a nurse take for a patient experiencing shock?

What is the role of fluids in treating hypovolemic shock?

Which statement about managing cardiogenic shock is inaccurate?

Which type of shock is characterized by cardiac failure where the heart fails to adequately pump blood to the body?

What is a potential consequence of acute pulmonary hypertension that can lead to shock?

Which symptom is specifically associated with anaphylactic shock?

In the early phase of septic shock, which of the following symptoms is typically observed?

Which of the following can be a cause of neurogenic shock?

Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with hypovolemic shock?

What is the first action to take when managing anaphylactic shock?

What is a key characteristic of obstructive shock?

Septic shock is commonly associated with which of the following?

Which symptom is indicative of the late stage of neurogenic shock?

Which of the following best describes anaphylactic shock?

Which of the following symptoms is common in both hypovolemic and septic shock?

Which of the following best describes the later phase of septic shock symptoms?

What is the main vascular change observed in distributive shock?

Which of the following is the most appropriate action for a nurse to take for a patient with septic shock?

What critical intervention should a nurse implement for a patient experiencing shock?

Which statement regarding the causes of cardiogenic shock is correct?

Which symptom is commonly associated with hypovolemic shock?

What is a key intervention to manage a patient diagnosed with allergic reactions?

What is the correct nursing action for a patient with newly diagnosed cardiogenic shock?

For a patient with hypotensive shock, which action is indicated?

Which of the following interventions is unnecessary for a patient in shock?

What is the expected initial treatment for a patient in septic shock?

Which condition may lead to obstructive shock due to blocked blood flow outside the heart?

In septic shock, what is a sign often observed during the early phase?

What is the first priority when managing anaphylactic shock?

Which symptom is specifically associated with cardiogenic shock but not with hypovolemic shock?

Which of the following can be a potential cause of neurogenic shock?

What are common early signs of septic shock?

Which symptom can occur in anaphylactic shock indicating an airway obstruction?

In which type of shock is pallor and cool clammy skin particularly noted?

Which type of shock results from extreme hypersensitivity reaction?

What is a common consequence of significant fluid loss leading to hypovolemic shock?

What happens when the compensatory mechanisms in shock fail?

Which of the following is a common metabolic change observed in shock?

Which type of shock is characterized by a blockage of blood flow outside the heart?

What is a potential complication of shock that may affect the lungs?

Which characteristic is common to all forms of shock?

What is the main cause of distributive shock?

What physiological response is NOT typically observed in shock?

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system during shock?

What is one effect on organ systems when tissue perfusion is inadequate?

Which component is essential for maintaining tissue perfusion and blood pressure?

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes malignant neoplasms from benign neoplasms?

What is a common method by which malignant cells spread throughout the body?

Which of the following processes contributes to the development of cancer after DNA alteration?

Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for cancer development?

What type of cancer is primarily associated with lymph tissue?

Which cancer prevention method focuses on recognizing early signs of cancer?

Which of the following is considered a carcinogen?

Which statement best describes 'in situ' cancer?

What is the primary purpose of regular screenings such as mammograms and pap smears?

Which dietary recommendation is made to promote cancer prevention?

What type of test is considered the only accurate way to identify cancer?

What is the role of PET scans in cancer diagnosis?

How does nuclear imaging assist in cancer diagnosis?

What does Tis indicate in cancer staging?

Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic test for cancer detection?

Which side effect is commonly associated with radiation treatment?

What lifestyle change can significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer?

What is the significance of monitoring tumor markers in lab tests?

What is indicated by the 'NX' designation in cancer staging?

Which of the following describes a well differentiated tumor?

During chemotherapy, what is the significant risk associated with vesicant drugs?

What is a common side effect of poorly differentiated tumors?

Which of the following best describes the role of combinations in chemotherapy?

What does an increase in reticulocytes indicate?

Which type of white blood cells is primarily increased during viral infections?

When is it likely that eosinophils would be decreased?

What condition is associated with an increased level of basophils?

What happens to hemoglobin levels in cases of anemia or blood loss?

Which of the following indicates a response to bacterial infections?

What condition may result in decreased levels of reticulocytes?

Which type of white blood cells is increased in allergic responses?

What can be a potential cause of secondary polycythemia?

What is a significant sign of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Which of the following conditions is associated with an acquired bleeding disorder?

What should be avoided to reduce the risk of decreased tissue perfusion?

What is the primary treatment for managing polycythemia?

Which intervention is critical for a patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

What symptom is commonly associated with acute polycythemia?

What is the pathophysiological consequence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Which dietary change is recommended to help manage iron deficiency anemia?

What is the primary cause of aplastic anemia?

Which of the following is a common symptom of sickle cell anemia?

What intervention is crucial for managing a patient with aplastic anemia?

Which test helps in diagnosing sickle cell anemia?

What symptom is most likely associated with a crisis in sickle cell anemia?

What is a potential consequence of untreated aplastic anemia?

Which intervention should be avoided in a patient with aplastic anemia?

What is the highest priority action for a nurse managing a patient experiencing anaphylactic shock?

Which of the following symptoms is typically observed in the later phase of septic shock?

What is a common precursor condition that may lead to septic shock?

Which class of drugs is typically administered in anaphylactic shock to counteract severe allergic reactions?

In neurogenic shock, which of the following symptoms might be present?

Which type of shock is a leading cause of death in critically ill patients due to its severe effects on the body?

Regarding therapeutic measures for shock, which intervention is not commonly performed?

What describes the typical skin characteristics observed in a patient experiencing early septic shock?

What is the recommended position for a patient using an incentive spirometer?

How often should the patient perform deep breathing exercises post-operation?

What is the primary purpose of coughing and splinting the incision with a pillow post-operatively?

What is a critical component of pre-operative patient care regarding consent?

What should a nurse do if a patient expresses extreme anxiety before surgery?

Which items should be removed from a patient before surgery as part of the pre-operative checklist?

What best describes the nurse's role when witnessing the signing of a consent form?

Which statement accurately reflects the use of pain medication in relation to coughing post-operatively?

What is the role of the circulating nurse during a surgical procedure?

What is a primary complication associated with malignant hyperthermia?

Which nursing action is crucial for airway management in the post-operative phase?

Which significant sign indicates the possibility of malignant hyperthermia during surgery?

What is the primary focus of a nurse caring for a patient who has received IV conscious sedation?

What should be the immediate action when a patient displays symptoms of malignant hyperthermia?

Which statement best describes the duties of the scrub nurse in the intra-operative phase?

What complication might a patient experience if they have low respiratory function post-surgery?

What is the primary goal of nurses in the context of surgical procedures?

Which factor is NOT considered when assessing surgical outcomes?

What is the purpose of preoperative education for surgical patients?

Which is an essential consideration for a patient with a lung disorder prior to surgery?

What is the key aspect of postoperative care that nurses should focus on?

What is the significance of the pre-admission surgical patient assessment?

What should a patient be instructed to do regarding medication on the day of surgery?

What is one of the perioperative phases that occurs directly before the patient goes to surgery?

Which nursing action helps promote circulation in a post-operative patient?

What is a key assessment for detecting complications following surgery?

Which of the following interventions can help manage post-operative nausea and vomiting?

What vital sign changes should a nurse closely monitor in a post-operative patient?

When promoting comfort for a post-operative patient, which nursing action is most effective?

What should be the primary focus during the initial post-operative assessment?

Which nursing action is appropriate for a patient at risk of hypovolemic shock?

Which factor is critical in assessing the neurological function of a post-operative patient?

What is the most common problem after surgery regarding urinary function?

Which intervention can help shorten the duration of paralytic ileus post-surgery?

What distinguishes second intention wound healing from first intention?

In which scenario would a healthcare provider most likely need to contact a physician regarding urinary output?

What should be done if a surgical wound exhibits signs of dehiscence?

Which condition is NOT typically an interference with wound healing?

What is one of the risks associated with administering Alvimopan for post-operative recovery?

How should a nurse proceed with the removal of sutures from a long incision?