Nursing Care of Immobility Patients
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly defines immobility?

  • Restricting movement of a body part or the entire body. (correct)
  • The ability to move freely and easily.
  • The condition where the body remains in constant movement.
  • A state of increased physical activity.
  • What is a potential benefit of bed rest for patients?

  • Increased risk of pressure ulcers.
  • Development of cardiovascular complications.
  • Decreased metabolism.
  • Facilitation of recovery from certain medical conditions. (correct)
  • Which body system is least likely to be affected by immobility?

  • Musculoskeletal system.
  • Cognitive system. (correct)
  • Urinary system.
  • Cardiovascular system.
  • What change occurs in metabolic rate due to immobility?

    <p>Decrease in metabolic rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a contributor to pressure ulcers in immobilized patients?

    <p>Adequate nutrition and hydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following consequences can result from immobility?

    <p>Decrease in pulmonary function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing intervention for patients experiencing immobility?

    <p>Promoting frequent repositioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological effect is most likely associated with immobility?

    <p>Feelings of isolation and depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of immobility?

    <p>Unavoidable restriction of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect body alignment and mobility?

    <p>Personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a therapeutic reason for client immobility?

    <p>Following injury to a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a client who is completely immobile?

    <p>An unconscious patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of movement?

    <p>Expressing emotions nonverbally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of immobility describes a person who requires help to move?

    <p>Needs assistance or help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates voluntary immobility?

    <p>Individual choosing to limit activity due to health reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of prolonged immobilization?

    <p>Development of physical disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cardiovascular effect of prolonged immobility?

    <p>Thrombus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes orthostatic hypotension in immobilized patients?

    <p>Loss of general muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much harder does the heart work when a person is in a recumbent position compared to a sitting position?

    <p>30% harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decreased cardiovascular function have on blood perfusion?

    <p>Decreased blood perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of venous blood pooling in the lower parts of the body for immobilized clients?

    <p>Increased dependent edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs in the blood due to increased viscosity?

    <p>Increased clotting predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the increased work load on the heart during immobility?

    <p>Increased stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can arise due to decreased efficiency of the orthostatic neurovascular reflexes?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of decreased respiratory movement during immobility?

    <p>Pooling of respiratory secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases due to prolonged immobility affecting the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does immobility have on the respiratory system's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>Oxygen-carbon dioxide imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to decreased lung expansion in immobile individuals?

    <p>Counter resistance of bed or chair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased muscular power affect respiratory function in immobile individuals?

    <p>It leads to poor coordination of respiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk associated with prolonged immobility in terms of respiratory health?

    <p>Development of pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT directly related to the effects of immobility on the respiratory system?

    <p>Increased secretion production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily affected by poor coordination due to immobility?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of depressed respiratory movement?

    <p>Stasis of bronchial secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential result of infection in the breathing passages?

    <p>Narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to hypostatic pneumonia?

    <p>Infection resulting from stasis of secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does immobility affect the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Suppresses the defecation reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do secretions have on the growth of microorganisms?

    <p>They provide a good media for microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the nervous manifestations associated with impaired respiratory function?

    <p>Impaired memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do abdominal and diaphragm muscles play in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>They aid in the expulsion of fecal material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from an obstruction of the airway?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of sustained pressure due to immobility on the integumentary system?

    <p>Tissue hypoxia and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial sign of pressure ulcers caused by immobility?

    <p>Reddish areas on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial effect is commonly associated with immobility?

    <p>Feelings of dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological effect is a result of immobility?

    <p>Decreased self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions results from immobility affecting muscle and joint function?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may a patient experience due to immobility?

    <p>Anxiety due to reduced control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does immobility typically affect a person's mental state?

    <p>Exaggerated emotional responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs as a result of immobility impacting muscle activity?

    <p>Decreased blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immobility

    • Immobility is the restriction of movement in any part of a person's life. It can be complete or partial.
    • Immobility can be caused by various factors, including injury, surgery, disease, or life choices.
    • Complete immobility may occur in unconscious patients, or individuals with significant injuries or medical conditions.
    • Partial immobility can result from conditions like a broken leg or a recent surgery.
    • Immobility affects numerous systems in the body, creating several risks.

    Objectives

    • Define mobility, immobility, and bed rest.
    • Recognize common causes and risk factors for immobility.
    • Discuss the benefits and risks of immobility.
    • Identify metabolic rate changes related to immobility.
    • Describe physical changes related to immobility.
    • Describe musculoskeletal changes associated with immobility.
    • Discuss pressure ulcer risk factors.
    • Discuss psychological impacts of immobility.
    • Outline nursing interventions for immobile clients.

    Hazards of Immobility

    • Immobility can lead to complications across various body systems.
    • Cardiovascular issues may arise, such as increased workload on the heart, orthostatic hypotension, thrombus formation, and dependent edema.
    • Respiratory complications could include reduced respiratory movement, stasis of secretions, and oxygen-carbon dioxide imbalances resulting in pneumonia.
    • Gastrointestinal complications include decreased activity, anorexia, lessened food intake, and constipation.
    • Urinary system effects include urinary retention, urinary stasis, urinary tract infection, and renal calculi formation.
    • Musculoskeletal complications result in muscle wasting, fibrosis of joints, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and loss of function due to disuse and reduced activity. Osteoporosis is a significant skeletal risk.
    • Integumentary complications involve pressure sores from decreased blood flow and prolonged pressure, resulting in tissue hypoxia and necrosis—ultimately, pressure ulcers.
    • Psychological complications may cause anxiety, feelings of helplessness, and disorientation as well as impacting mental attitude and motivation. Psychological concerns may also occur and include problems with sleep, emotional responses, and an inability to carry out usual activities which can also lead to decreasing self-esteem.

    Purposes of Movement

    • Movement can express emotions nonverbally, as well as be used for self-defense.
    • Movement supports meeting basic needs, such as activities of daily living, and also supports recreational activities.

    Factors Affecting Mobility

    • Age and physical health
    • Nutrition
    • Mental health
    • Lifestyle choices
    • Personal values
    • Fatigue and stress
    • External factors
    • Degree of immobility itself

    Levels of Immobility

    • Completely independent
    • Needs assistance
    • Bed rest with bathroom privileges
    • Complete bed rest
    • Dependent (immobile)

    Client Risk for Complications

    • Large areas of immobility
    • Prolonged periods of immobility
    • Elderly clients
    • Clients who experience pain or muscle spasms
    • Decreased sensitivity to pain, temperature, or pressure
    • Malnutrition
    • Immobility in one position for an extended period.

    Definitions

    • Mobility: A person's ability to move freely.
    • Immobility: Unavoidable restriction of movement, which can include decreased activity or range of motion.
    • Inactivity: Alteration in a person's ability to walk independently.
    • Bed rest: A therapeutic intervention restricting a patient to bed to reduce movement to meet a treatment or recovery goal.

    Nursing Care

    • Range-of-motion exercises
    • Progressive mobility activities
    • Chest physiotherapy
    • Back massage
    • Changing positions according to a schedule
    • Increasing fluid intake
    • Balanced diet (as outlined by the provided dietary pyramid)
    • Psychological and spiritual care

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    Related Documents

    Hazards of Immobility PDF

    Description

    This quiz assesses your understanding of the effects of immobility on patients, including metabolic changes, psychological impacts, and nursing interventions. Explore key concepts related to immobility and learn how to manage care for immobilized individuals effectively.

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