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Which of the following correctly defines immobility?
Which of the following correctly defines immobility?
What is a potential benefit of bed rest for patients?
What is a potential benefit of bed rest for patients?
Which body system is least likely to be affected by immobility?
Which body system is least likely to be affected by immobility?
What change occurs in metabolic rate due to immobility?
What change occurs in metabolic rate due to immobility?
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Which factor is NOT a contributor to pressure ulcers in immobilized patients?
Which factor is NOT a contributor to pressure ulcers in immobilized patients?
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Which of the following consequences can result from immobility?
Which of the following consequences can result from immobility?
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What is a common nursing intervention for patients experiencing immobility?
What is a common nursing intervention for patients experiencing immobility?
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Which psychological effect is most likely associated with immobility?
Which psychological effect is most likely associated with immobility?
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What is a key characteristic of immobility?
What is a key characteristic of immobility?
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Which factor does NOT affect body alignment and mobility?
Which factor does NOT affect body alignment and mobility?
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What is a therapeutic reason for client immobility?
What is a therapeutic reason for client immobility?
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Which of the following describes a client who is completely immobile?
Which of the following describes a client who is completely immobile?
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What is one purpose of movement?
What is one purpose of movement?
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Which level of immobility describes a person who requires help to move?
Which level of immobility describes a person who requires help to move?
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Which scenario illustrates voluntary immobility?
Which scenario illustrates voluntary immobility?
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What is a potential consequence of prolonged immobilization?
What is a potential consequence of prolonged immobilization?
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What is a significant cardiovascular effect of prolonged immobility?
What is a significant cardiovascular effect of prolonged immobility?
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What causes orthostatic hypotension in immobilized patients?
What causes orthostatic hypotension in immobilized patients?
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How much harder does the heart work when a person is in a recumbent position compared to a sitting position?
How much harder does the heart work when a person is in a recumbent position compared to a sitting position?
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What effect does decreased cardiovascular function have on blood perfusion?
What effect does decreased cardiovascular function have on blood perfusion?
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What is a consequence of venous blood pooling in the lower parts of the body for immobilized clients?
What is a consequence of venous blood pooling in the lower parts of the body for immobilized clients?
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What physiological change occurs in the blood due to increased viscosity?
What physiological change occurs in the blood due to increased viscosity?
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Which factor contributed to the increased work load on the heart during immobility?
Which factor contributed to the increased work load on the heart during immobility?
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What condition can arise due to decreased efficiency of the orthostatic neurovascular reflexes?
What condition can arise due to decreased efficiency of the orthostatic neurovascular reflexes?
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What is a consequence of decreased respiratory movement during immobility?
What is a consequence of decreased respiratory movement during immobility?
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What increases due to prolonged immobility affecting the cardiovascular system?
What increases due to prolonged immobility affecting the cardiovascular system?
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What effect does immobility have on the respiratory system's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels?
What effect does immobility have on the respiratory system's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels?
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Which factor contributes to decreased lung expansion in immobile individuals?
Which factor contributes to decreased lung expansion in immobile individuals?
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How does decreased muscular power affect respiratory function in immobile individuals?
How does decreased muscular power affect respiratory function in immobile individuals?
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What is a common risk associated with prolonged immobility in terms of respiratory health?
What is a common risk associated with prolonged immobility in terms of respiratory health?
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Which condition is NOT directly related to the effects of immobility on the respiratory system?
Which condition is NOT directly related to the effects of immobility on the respiratory system?
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Which muscle is primarily affected by poor coordination due to immobility?
Which muscle is primarily affected by poor coordination due to immobility?
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What is a primary consequence of depressed respiratory movement?
What is a primary consequence of depressed respiratory movement?
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Which of the following is a potential result of infection in the breathing passages?
Which of the following is a potential result of infection in the breathing passages?
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What leads to hypostatic pneumonia?
What leads to hypostatic pneumonia?
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How does immobility affect the gastrointestinal system?
How does immobility affect the gastrointestinal system?
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What effect do secretions have on the growth of microorganisms?
What effect do secretions have on the growth of microorganisms?
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What is one of the nervous manifestations associated with impaired respiratory function?
What is one of the nervous manifestations associated with impaired respiratory function?
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What role do abdominal and diaphragm muscles play in the gastrointestinal system?
What role do abdominal and diaphragm muscles play in the gastrointestinal system?
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What condition may result from an obstruction of the airway?
What condition may result from an obstruction of the airway?
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What is the primary consequence of sustained pressure due to immobility on the integumentary system?
What is the primary consequence of sustained pressure due to immobility on the integumentary system?
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What is the initial sign of pressure ulcers caused by immobility?
What is the initial sign of pressure ulcers caused by immobility?
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Which psychosocial effect is commonly associated with immobility?
Which psychosocial effect is commonly associated with immobility?
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Which neurological effect is a result of immobility?
Which neurological effect is a result of immobility?
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Which of the following conditions results from immobility affecting muscle and joint function?
Which of the following conditions results from immobility affecting muscle and joint function?
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Which of the following may a patient experience due to immobility?
Which of the following may a patient experience due to immobility?
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How does immobility typically affect a person's mental state?
How does immobility typically affect a person's mental state?
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What physiological change occurs as a result of immobility impacting muscle activity?
What physiological change occurs as a result of immobility impacting muscle activity?
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Study Notes
Immobility
- Immobility is the restriction of movement in any part of a person's life. It can be complete or partial.
- Immobility can be caused by various factors, including injury, surgery, disease, or life choices.
- Complete immobility may occur in unconscious patients, or individuals with significant injuries or medical conditions.
- Partial immobility can result from conditions like a broken leg or a recent surgery.
- Immobility affects numerous systems in the body, creating several risks.
Objectives
- Define mobility, immobility, and bed rest.
- Recognize common causes and risk factors for immobility.
- Discuss the benefits and risks of immobility.
- Identify metabolic rate changes related to immobility.
- Describe physical changes related to immobility.
- Describe musculoskeletal changes associated with immobility.
- Discuss pressure ulcer risk factors.
- Discuss psychological impacts of immobility.
- Outline nursing interventions for immobile clients.
Hazards of Immobility
- Immobility can lead to complications across various body systems.
- Cardiovascular issues may arise, such as increased workload on the heart, orthostatic hypotension, thrombus formation, and dependent edema.
- Respiratory complications could include reduced respiratory movement, stasis of secretions, and oxygen-carbon dioxide imbalances resulting in pneumonia.
- Gastrointestinal complications include decreased activity, anorexia, lessened food intake, and constipation.
- Urinary system effects include urinary retention, urinary stasis, urinary tract infection, and renal calculi formation.
- Musculoskeletal complications result in muscle wasting, fibrosis of joints, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and loss of function due to disuse and reduced activity. Osteoporosis is a significant skeletal risk.
- Integumentary complications involve pressure sores from decreased blood flow and prolonged pressure, resulting in tissue hypoxia and necrosis—ultimately, pressure ulcers.
- Psychological complications may cause anxiety, feelings of helplessness, and disorientation as well as impacting mental attitude and motivation. Psychological concerns may also occur and include problems with sleep, emotional responses, and an inability to carry out usual activities which can also lead to decreasing self-esteem.
Purposes of Movement
- Movement can express emotions nonverbally, as well as be used for self-defense.
- Movement supports meeting basic needs, such as activities of daily living, and also supports recreational activities.
Factors Affecting Mobility
- Age and physical health
- Nutrition
- Mental health
- Lifestyle choices
- Personal values
- Fatigue and stress
- External factors
- Degree of immobility itself
Levels of Immobility
- Completely independent
- Needs assistance
- Bed rest with bathroom privileges
- Complete bed rest
- Dependent (immobile)
Client Risk for Complications
- Large areas of immobility
- Prolonged periods of immobility
- Elderly clients
- Clients who experience pain or muscle spasms
- Decreased sensitivity to pain, temperature, or pressure
- Malnutrition
- Immobility in one position for an extended period.
Definitions
- Mobility: A person's ability to move freely.
- Immobility: Unavoidable restriction of movement, which can include decreased activity or range of motion.
- Inactivity: Alteration in a person's ability to walk independently.
- Bed rest: A therapeutic intervention restricting a patient to bed to reduce movement to meet a treatment or recovery goal.
Nursing Care
- Range-of-motion exercises
- Progressive mobility activities
- Chest physiotherapy
- Back massage
- Changing positions according to a schedule
- Increasing fluid intake
- Balanced diet (as outlined by the provided dietary pyramid)
- Psychological and spiritual care
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of the effects of immobility on patients, including metabolic changes, psychological impacts, and nursing interventions. Explore key concepts related to immobility and learn how to manage care for immobilized individuals effectively.