Nursing Care of Child with Infection: Chapter 37

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Questions and Answers

Why are infants and young children more susceptible to infections?

Their inflammatory response is heightened.
Their immune system responses are immature. (correct)
They have a fully developed immune system from birth.
They have increased exposure to various pathogens.

How does a newborn's inflammatory response typically react to invading organisms?

No inflammatory response.
Delayed but heightened inflammatory response.
Increased inflammatory response.
Decreased inflammatory response. (correct)

When does humoral immunity typically develop?

When the body encounters and develops immunity to new diseases. (correct)
At birth.
Simultaneously with cellular immunity.
Before cellular immunity.

What increases the risk of infection in infants related to immunity?

Limited exposure to diseases and the loss of passive immunity from maternal antibodies. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic infection?

Rabies. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which period involves the time from when the pathogen enters the body to when the first symptoms appear?

Incubation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stage of infectious disease is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue and malaise?

Prodrome. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most effective in preventing infectious diseases?

Hand washing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is judicious antibiotic use important in preventing infectious diseases?

It prevents the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is first in the chain of infection?

Infectious agent. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell functions as the first line of defense through phagocytosis?

Granulocytes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymphocytes?

Maintain immune response. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the cold response (shivering, vasoconstriction, decrease in peripheral perfusion) during a fever?

Release of endogenous pyrogens and prostaglandin production. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do pyrogens contribute to the development of a fever?

They act on the hypothalamus to trigger prostaglandin production. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of standard precautions (tier 1) in limiting the spread of infections?

Basic measures for all patients, regardless of infection status. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Airborne, droplet, and contact precautions belong to which tier of precautions?

Transmission-based precautions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test measures the type of protein produced in the liver during acute inflammation?

C-reactive protein. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) primarily indicate?

The presence of inflammation or infection in the body. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What information is most important to obtain when taking a health history for a child with a suspected infection?

History of current illness, immunization status, and any known exposures. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is key during a physical examination for a child with an infectious disease?

Assessing skin, mouth, and throat for lesions or wounds. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary treatment for infectious disorders in children?

Hydration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antipyretics in managing a child’s fever?

To provide symptomatic relief by reducing fever. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How often should a child's temperature be assessed after administering an antipyretic?

30 to 60 minutes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory finding is typical in sepsis?

Elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is a risk for children?

Pertussis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of immunizations?

Preventing many childhood diseases, both viral and bacterial. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the characteristic rash associated with Lyme disease?

Erythema migrans. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When removing a tick, why should one avoid twisting or jerking it?

To minimize the risk of leaving mouthparts embedded in the skin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention helps improve comfort for a child with an infectious disease?

Administering analgesics and antipruritics as ordered. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing intervention to maintain skin integrity for a child with an infectious disease?

Keeping the child’s fingernails short. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Childhood Infection Risk

Infants and young children are more prone to infection due to immature immune responses.

Incubation Period

The time between pathogen entry and first symptom appearance.