Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following are common pediatric infections? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are common pediatric infections? (Select all that apply)
- Cytomegalovirus (correct)
- Scarlet fever (correct)
- Measles (correct)
- Acne
- Otitis media (correct)
What is the incubation period for Measles?
What is the incubation period for Measles?
2 weeks
What is the primary mode of transmission for Varicella (chickenpox)?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Varicella (chickenpox)?
Contact and airborne droplets
Cytomegalovirus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
Cytomegalovirus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
The drug of choice for treating Shingles is __________.
The drug of choice for treating Shingles is __________.
What is a common clinical feature of Epstein-Barr virus infection?
What is a common clinical feature of Epstein-Barr virus infection?
What is a clinical feature of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?
What is a clinical feature of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?
Mumps can cause parotitis, which is swelling of the salivary glands.
Mumps can cause parotitis, which is swelling of the salivary glands.
What is one of the clinical features of Rubella?
What is one of the clinical features of Rubella?
Which virus is known for causing a 'slapped-cheek' appearance?
Which virus is known for causing a 'slapped-cheek' appearance?
What is the management approach for Acute Otitis Media?
What is the management approach for Acute Otitis Media?
Which virus is associated with Roseola or exanthema subitum?
Which virus is associated with Roseola or exanthema subitum?
What is the mode of transmission for varicella (chickenpox)?
What is the mode of transmission for varicella (chickenpox)?
The measles virus has an incubation period of 2 weeks.
The measles virus has an incubation period of 2 weeks.
What is the recommended management for mumps?
What is the recommended management for mumps?
The organism responsible for pharyngitis is often ___ streptococcus.
The organism responsible for pharyngitis is often ___ streptococcus.
What is a complication that can arise from Epstein-Barr virus infection?
What is a complication that can arise from Epstein-Barr virus infection?
Which of the following symptoms accompanies the rash in parvovirus B19 infection?
Which of the following symptoms accompanies the rash in parvovirus B19 infection?
The drug of choice for treating varicella is ___.
The drug of choice for treating varicella is ___.
What are the typical symptoms of otitis media?
What are the typical symptoms of otitis media?
What treatment is recommended for acute rheumatic fever?
What treatment is recommended for acute rheumatic fever?
Study Notes
Common Pediatric Infections
Major Viral Pathogens
-
Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6):
- Incubation: 9-10 days
- Transmission: Contact
- Management: Symptomatic; fluids, acetaminophen for fever
- Clinical Features: Mild fever, erythema, rash appears as fever resolves.
-
Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox):
- Incubation: 14-16 days
- Transmission: Airborne droplets, direct contact
- Management: Acyclovir, topical treatments for rash
- Clinical Features: Vesicular rash, fever, malaise before rash appears.
-
Shingles (Herpes Zoster):
- Incubation: 2-3 weeks
- Management: Antiviral treatment if rash is new; supportive care afterward
- Clinical Features: Painful, unilateral rash with vesicles.
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
- Incubation: 4-6 weeks
- Transmission: Bodily fluids
- Management: Symptomatic; avoid physical activity due to splenic rupture risk
- Clinical Features: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy.
-
Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
- Incubation: Up to 4 weeks
- Transmission: Bodily fluids
- Clinical Features: May present as blueberry muffin lesions; can lead to hearing loss.
-
Measles Virus:
- Incubation: 2 weeks
- Transmission: Direct contact or airborne droplets
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, followed by a maculopapular rash.
-
Rubella Virus:
- Incubation: 2-3 weeks
- Transmission: Respiratory droplets, transplacental
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy preceding the rash.
-
Mumps Virus:
- Incubation: 16-18 days
- Transmission: Droplet and contact
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Fever and parotitis.
-
Parvovirus B19:
- Incubation: 7-14 days
- Transmission: Aerosol, blood
- Management: Supportive care; NSAIDs or prednisone if necessary
- Clinical Features: “Slapped-cheek” rash that spreads, potential for aplastic crisis.
-
Coxsackie A Virus:
- Incubation: 1-5 days
- Transmission: Airborne droplets, fecal-oral
- Management: Supportive
- Clinical Features: Inflamed oropharynx, vesicles in the mouth and on hands and feet.
Other Common Pediatric Infections
-
Otitis Media:
- Common pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
- Management: Oral analgesia, ibuprofen/acetametaphen
- Clinical Features: Ear pain, fever, irritability.
-
Acute Rheumatic Fever:
- Diagnosis based on Jones criteria: Requires major or minor criteria
- Major criteria: Polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea.
-
Impetigo:
- Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus
- Management: Antibacterial wash, wound cleaning.
-
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
- Common organisms: E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus
- Management: Oral or parenteral antibiotics based on severity.
Common Pediatric Infections
Major Viral Pathogens
-
Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6):
- Incubation: 9-10 days
- Transmission: Contact
- Management: Symptomatic; fluids, acetaminophen for fever
- Clinical Features: Mild fever, erythema, rash appears as fever resolves.
-
Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox):
- Incubation: 14-16 days
- Transmission: Airborne droplets, direct contact
- Management: Acyclovir, topical treatments for rash
- Clinical Features: Vesicular rash, fever, malaise before rash appears.
-
Shingles (Herpes Zoster):
- Incubation: 2-3 weeks
- Management: Antiviral treatment if rash is new; supportive care afterward
- Clinical Features: Painful, unilateral rash with vesicles.
-
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
- Incubation: 4-6 weeks
- Transmission: Bodily fluids
- Management: Symptomatic; avoid physical activity due to splenic rupture risk
- Clinical Features: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy.
-
Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
- Incubation: Up to 4 weeks
- Transmission: Bodily fluids
- Clinical Features: May present as blueberry muffin lesions; can lead to hearing loss.
-
Measles Virus:
- Incubation: 2 weeks
- Transmission: Direct contact or airborne droplets
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, followed by a maculopapular rash.
-
Rubella Virus:
- Incubation: 2-3 weeks
- Transmission: Respiratory droplets, transplacental
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy preceding the rash.
-
Mumps Virus:
- Incubation: 16-18 days
- Transmission: Droplet and contact
- Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
- Clinical Features: Fever and parotitis.
-
Parvovirus B19:
- Incubation: 7-14 days
- Transmission: Aerosol, blood
- Management: Supportive care; NSAIDs or prednisone if necessary
- Clinical Features: “Slapped-cheek” rash that spreads, potential for aplastic crisis.
-
Coxsackie A Virus:
- Incubation: 1-5 days
- Transmission: Airborne droplets, fecal-oral
- Management: Supportive
- Clinical Features: Inflamed oropharynx, vesicles in the mouth and on hands and feet.
Other Common Pediatric Infections
-
Otitis Media:
- Common pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
- Management: Oral analgesia, ibuprofen/acetametaphen
- Clinical Features: Ear pain, fever, irritability.
-
Acute Rheumatic Fever:
- Diagnosis based on Jones criteria: Requires major or minor criteria
- Major criteria: Polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea.
-
Impetigo:
- Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus
- Management: Antibacterial wash, wound cleaning.
-
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
- Common organisms: E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus
- Management: Oral or parenteral antibiotics based on severity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on common pediatric infections, focusing on various viral pathogens such as measles, mumps, rubella, and more. This quiz covers their incubation periods, transmission modes, clinical presentations, and management strategies. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals!
