Common Pediatric Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are common pediatric infections? (Select all that apply)

  • Cytomegalovirus (correct)
  • Scarlet fever (correct)
  • Measles (correct)
  • Acne
  • Otitis media (correct)

What is the incubation period for Measles?

2 weeks

What is the primary mode of transmission for Varicella (chickenpox)?

Contact and airborne droplets

Cytomegalovirus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The drug of choice for treating Shingles is __________.

<p>acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of Epstein-Barr virus infection?

<p>Generalized lymphadenopathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical feature of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?

<p>Vesicles in the oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mumps can cause parotitis, which is swelling of the salivary glands.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical features of Rubella?

<p>Maculopapular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known for causing a 'slapped-cheek' appearance?

<p>Parvovirus B19 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the management approach for Acute Otitis Media?

<p>Oral analgesia and warm compress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Roseola or exanthema subitum?

<p>Human herpesvirus-6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for varicella (chickenpox)?

<p>Airborne droplets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measles virus has an incubation period of 2 weeks.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for mumps?

<p>Self-limited treatment with symptomatic relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The organism responsible for pharyngitis is often ___ streptococcus.

<p>Group A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication that can arise from Epstein-Barr virus infection?

<p>Splenic rupture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms accompanies the rash in parvovirus B19 infection?

<p>Slapped-cheek erythematous rash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The drug of choice for treating varicella is ___.

<p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of otitis media?

<p>Ear pain, fever, and irritability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is recommended for acute rheumatic fever?

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Common Pediatric Infections

Major Viral Pathogens

  • Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6):

    • Incubation: 9-10 days
    • Transmission: Contact
    • Management: Symptomatic; fluids, acetaminophen for fever
    • Clinical Features: Mild fever, erythema, rash appears as fever resolves.

  • Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox):

    • Incubation: 14-16 days
    • Transmission: Airborne droplets, direct contact
    • Management: Acyclovir, topical treatments for rash
    • Clinical Features: Vesicular rash, fever, malaise before rash appears.

  • Shingles (Herpes Zoster):

    • Incubation: 2-3 weeks
    • Management: Antiviral treatment if rash is new; supportive care afterward
    • Clinical Features: Painful, unilateral rash with vesicles.

  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):

    • Incubation: 4-6 weeks
    • Transmission: Bodily fluids
    • Management: Symptomatic; avoid physical activity due to splenic rupture risk
    • Clinical Features: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy.

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV):

    • Incubation: Up to 4 weeks
    • Transmission: Bodily fluids
    • Clinical Features: May present as blueberry muffin lesions; can lead to hearing loss.

  • Measles Virus:

    • Incubation: 2 weeks
    • Transmission: Direct contact or airborne droplets
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, followed by a maculopapular rash.

  • Rubella Virus:

    • Incubation: 2-3 weeks
    • Transmission: Respiratory droplets, transplacental
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy preceding the rash.

  • Mumps Virus:

    • Incubation: 16-18 days
    • Transmission: Droplet and contact
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Fever and parotitis.

  • Parvovirus B19:

    • Incubation: 7-14 days
    • Transmission: Aerosol, blood
    • Management: Supportive care; NSAIDs or prednisone if necessary
    • Clinical Features: “Slapped-cheek” rash that spreads, potential for aplastic crisis.

  • Coxsackie A Virus:

    • Incubation: 1-5 days
    • Transmission: Airborne droplets, fecal-oral
    • Management: Supportive
    • Clinical Features: Inflamed oropharynx, vesicles in the mouth and on hands and feet.

Other Common Pediatric Infections

  • Otitis Media:

    • Common pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
    • Management: Oral analgesia, ibuprofen/acetametaphen
    • Clinical Features: Ear pain, fever, irritability.

  • Acute Rheumatic Fever:

    • Diagnosis based on Jones criteria: Requires major or minor criteria
    • Major criteria: Polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea.

  • Impetigo:

    • Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus
    • Management: Antibacterial wash, wound cleaning.

  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):

    • Common organisms: E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus
    • Management: Oral or parenteral antibiotics based on severity.

Common Pediatric Infections

Major Viral Pathogens

  • Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6):

    • Incubation: 9-10 days
    • Transmission: Contact
    • Management: Symptomatic; fluids, acetaminophen for fever
    • Clinical Features: Mild fever, erythema, rash appears as fever resolves.

  • Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox):

    • Incubation: 14-16 days
    • Transmission: Airborne droplets, direct contact
    • Management: Acyclovir, topical treatments for rash
    • Clinical Features: Vesicular rash, fever, malaise before rash appears.

  • Shingles (Herpes Zoster):

    • Incubation: 2-3 weeks
    • Management: Antiviral treatment if rash is new; supportive care afterward
    • Clinical Features: Painful, unilateral rash with vesicles.

  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):

    • Incubation: 4-6 weeks
    • Transmission: Bodily fluids
    • Management: Symptomatic; avoid physical activity due to splenic rupture risk
    • Clinical Features: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy.

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV):

    • Incubation: Up to 4 weeks
    • Transmission: Bodily fluids
    • Clinical Features: May present as blueberry muffin lesions; can lead to hearing loss.

  • Measles Virus:

    • Incubation: 2 weeks
    • Transmission: Direct contact or airborne droplets
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, followed by a maculopapular rash.

  • Rubella Virus:

    • Incubation: 2-3 weeks
    • Transmission: Respiratory droplets, transplacental
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy preceding the rash.

  • Mumps Virus:

    • Incubation: 16-18 days
    • Transmission: Droplet and contact
    • Management: Symptomatic; MMR vaccine for prevention
    • Clinical Features: Fever and parotitis.

  • Parvovirus B19:

    • Incubation: 7-14 days
    • Transmission: Aerosol, blood
    • Management: Supportive care; NSAIDs or prednisone if necessary
    • Clinical Features: “Slapped-cheek” rash that spreads, potential for aplastic crisis.

  • Coxsackie A Virus:

    • Incubation: 1-5 days
    • Transmission: Airborne droplets, fecal-oral
    • Management: Supportive
    • Clinical Features: Inflamed oropharynx, vesicles in the mouth and on hands and feet.

Other Common Pediatric Infections

  • Otitis Media:

    • Common pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
    • Management: Oral analgesia, ibuprofen/acetametaphen
    • Clinical Features: Ear pain, fever, irritability.

  • Acute Rheumatic Fever:

    • Diagnosis based on Jones criteria: Requires major or minor criteria
    • Major criteria: Polyarthritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea.

  • Impetigo:

    • Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus
    • Management: Antibacterial wash, wound cleaning.

  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):

    • Common organisms: E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus
    • Management: Oral or parenteral antibiotics based on severity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on common pediatric infections, focusing on various viral pathogens such as measles, mumps, rubella, and more. This quiz covers their incubation periods, transmission modes, clinical presentations, and management strategies. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals!

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