Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV replication process?
What is the primary function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the HIV replication process?
- To convert viral RNA into DNA. (correct)
- To integrate viral DNA into the host cell's nucleus.
- To cleave long strands of viral proteins into smaller functional particles.
- To enable the virus to bind and enter the host cell.
During the progression of HIV to AIDS, which lab value is most indicative of the transition?
During the progression of HIV to AIDS, which lab value is most indicative of the transition?
- Elevated viral load.
- CD4 count over 500.
- Decreased white blood cell count.
- CD4 count under 200. (correct)
Which of the following would be a priority nursing diagnosis related to a client's circulation?
Which of the following would be a priority nursing diagnosis related to a client's circulation?
- Inadequate cardiac output (correct)
- Fluid overload symptoms
- Elevated body temperature
- Risk for dehydration
When prioritizing client needs, which of the following would be considered a priority over psychosocial concerns?
When prioritizing client needs, which of the following would be considered a priority over psychosocial concerns?
Which of the following nursing assessments directly relates to a client's safety and neurological status?
Which of the following nursing assessments directly relates to a client's safety and neurological status?
What role does the protease enzyme play in the HIV replication process?
What role does the protease enzyme play in the HIV replication process?
What is a distinguishing factor between HIV and AIDS?
What is a distinguishing factor between HIV and AIDS?
Which psychosocial issue is considered most critical to address in clients with HIV?
Which psychosocial issue is considered most critical to address in clients with HIV?
During HIV infection, which component allows the virus to integrate its genetic material into the host's DNA?
During HIV infection, which component allows the virus to integrate its genetic material into the host's DNA?
What is a common priority nursing diagnosis related to a client's neurological safety during HIV treatment?
What is a common priority nursing diagnosis related to a client's neurological safety during HIV treatment?
Flashcards
HIV virus mechanism
HIV virus mechanism
HIV hijacks CD4 cells and integrates its RNA into host DNA.
AIDS diagnosis criteria
AIDS diagnosis criteria
AIDS diagnosed when CD4 count falls below 200.
HIV enzymes
HIV enzymes
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA; protease clips long strands.
Psychosocial client needs
Psychosocial client needs
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Safety assessment questions
Safety assessment questions
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HIV pathogenesis
HIV pathogenesis
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Role of reverse transcriptase
Role of reverse transcriptase
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CD4 count significance
CD4 count significance
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Psychosocial needs hierarchy
Psychosocial needs hierarchy
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Safety assessment in HIV
Safety assessment in HIV
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Study Notes
HIV
- Caused by retrovirus
- Cannot infect other cells unless it hijacks a cell of the person whose body they are in
- Can progress to AIDS
- Virus takes over CD4 cells
- Inserts a single strand of RNA into the host's DNA (retrovirus)
- HIV enzyme (reverse transcriptase) converts the virus RNA to DNA
- HIV enzyme (integrase) is then used to insert DNA into host cell's nucleus
- HIV particles are made; then clipped by HIV protease
- New particles bud off looking for other CD4 cells to infect
- Difference between HIV and AIDS
- Viral load
- Specific lab—the CD4 count under 200 = AIDS
- HIV has progressed to AIDS when the CD4 count is <200 or they have opportunistic infection (e.g., PNA, yeast infection)
- Symptoms
- Initial HIV infection is hard to diagnose
- Flu-like symptoms, then goes away (quiet period—viral load increases, spreads easily); once the body has too many infected CD4 cells, the person will have flu-like symptoms nonstop
- Symptoms include:
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Aches
- Fever
- Night sweats
Lab and Diagnostic Tests
- CBC w/Diff —to see individual blood cells
- CMP—liver and kidney—ART drugs can cause kidney damage
- BUN/CREA
- Culture—sputum and blood (sepsis)
- CD4 count—staging of HIV, how well immunity system is functioning
- ABG—if having respiratory issues (respiratory distress)
- Stool sample—ABX more frequently increases C. diff risk
- X-ray of the chest—PNA and TB—if nodules present get CT
- EKG
- Neutrophils—too low = no immune system
Progression
- Varies based on how HIV was contracted
- Personal factors
- Interventions
Interventions
- Medication adherence
- Control other health issues such as diabetes
- Keep and make sure immune system stays healthy
Prevention
- Sexual intercourse: abstinence, be faithful (limit partners), condom use (latex condom and water-based lube)
- Parental
- Needle exchange programs
- Cleaning needle with bleach and water
- Decrease risk infection, hand hygiene, safe sex, safe needle
Other
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
- Preventative behaviors, infection control
- Preventative behaviors
- Infection control
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