Nursing Care for Cardiac Patients

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Questions and Answers

What complication is associated with diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (correct)

Lower perinatal mortality

Increased birth weight

Decreased incidence of abortion

What is a recommended action to support a patient taking iron dextran during pregnancy?

Administer intravenously instead

List all possible food interactions

Keep the patient in a cool environment

Keep the patient warm and free from infection (correct)

What is a chronic result of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?

Decreased carbohydrate absorption

Increased metabolism of fats

Excessive insulin production

Deficient insulin production (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy?

Improved blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What potential heart-related issue may occur alongside diabetes mellitus in pregnancy?

Heart failure in existing heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor to monitor to avoid hemorrhage during postpartum care?

Blood loss and input/output (I&O) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hemoglobin levels indicates low hemoglobin in a postpartum patient?

10 mg/100mL Signup and view all the answers

What dietary instruction should be provided to enhance iron intake in postpartum care?

Include iron-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following serum iron levels indicates a problem in a postpartum patient?

45 ug/100mL blood Signup and view all the answers

What should be encouraged along with iron supplementation for better absorption?

Ascorbic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates the need for immediate medical attention in nursing care?

Severe dysrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of managing a patient with severe heart conditions during pregnancy?

Decrease workload of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is NOT appropriate for managing a pregnant patient with heart complications?

Increasing physical exertion Signup and view all the answers

What value of the pulse should be monitored in patients using Digitalis (Lanoxin) to ensure safety?

CR < 60 Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is essential to promote during nursing care for pregnant patients with heart conditions?

Encourage frequent visits Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of nausea and vomiting in individuals predisposed to HIV/AIDS?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic risk factor associated with HIV/AIDS?

IV drug abuse Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV primarily affect the body’s immune response?

By destroying T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions could indicate an increased risk for complications in a pregnancy affected by HIV/AIDS?

Presence of gestational diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What maternal condition may be associated with increased risk for spontaneous abortion in the context of HIV/AIDS?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the 3 P's associated with diabetes mellitus in mothers?

Prader-Willi syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common infection associated with diabetes mellitus in pregnant women?

Moniliasis Signup and view all the answers

What might increased blood glucose levels in the mother lead to concerning the baby?

Congenital anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What does Macrosomia refer to in the context of diabetes during pregnancy?

Overgrowth of the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which test is typically used for diagnosing diabetes during the 26-28 weeks of gestation?

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication for the baby due to maternal diabetes?

Neonatal hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended responsibility for nursing management in diabetic pregnant women?

Regular prenatal visits Signup and view all the answers

Which diabetes-related complication can lead to increased perinatal mortality?

Fetal hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy

Persistent diastolic or pre-systolic murmurs indicate severe heart stress.
Significant signs include loud persistent systolic murmurs, severe dyspnea, and unequivocal cardiomegaly.
Treatment involves frequent prenatal check-ups, rest, and managing physical and mental health based on heart function.
Medications like Digitalis (Lanoxin) with careful monitoring of heart rate (<60 bpm) are essential.
Manage risks of hemorrhage and infection, maintaining oxygenation is critical during pregnancy.

Nursing Care for At-Risk Mothers

Promote early and regular prenatal care to ensure maternal and fetal health.
Encourage adherence to prescribed medical regimens and avoidance of activities that reduce oxygen levels, including smoking and exposure to infections.
Dietary recommendations should include proper nutrition and preventive measures against constipation.
Monitor vital signs, including blood loss and fluid intake/output post-delivery.

Maternal Health Risks

Malnutrition and hereditary factors can lead to complications like low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels during pregnancy.
Proper diet with iron supplementation (ferrous sulfate with ascorbic acid) is crucial for preventing anemia.
Increased susceptibility to infections requires special care, ensuring mothers are kept warm.

Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy

Chronic diabetes significantly impacts both mother and fetus through insulin deficiencies.
Symptoms for mothers include polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria, alongside risks of infertility and increased infections.
Complications for the fetus can include congenital anomalies, macrosomia, fetal hypoxia, and increased perinatal mortality.

Diagnostic Measures for Diabetes

Common screening tests include fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glucose tolerance tests.
Early detection is critical to managing diabetes and preventing complications, with regular prenatal visits and diet monitoring.

Effects of Pregnancy on Existing Diabetes

Blood sugar control becomes challenging during pregnancy, increasing the risk of insulin shock and ketoacidosis.
Nausea and vomiting can compound the risk of ketoacidosis.

HIV/AIDS in Pregnancy

HIV is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, leading to a decrease in T cell counts and impaired immune response.
AIDS develops when opportunistic infections occur due to HIV, necessitating specific medical interventions.
High-risk behaviors include IV drug use and prostitution, increasing the likelihood of transmission.

Management and Education

Provide comprehensive teaching focused on the prevention of infections and managing blood sugar levels.
Regular check-ups and monitoring are vital for controlling diabetes during pregnancy and ensuring maternal-fetal safety.

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Description

This quiz covers essential nursing care practices for patients with cardiac issues, including recognition of murmurs, cardiomegaly, and dysrhythmias. It also addresses delivery methods and management of related complications. Test your knowledge on appropriate nursing interventions and patient monitoring techniques.