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Questions and Answers
Which organ system is responsible for initiating an impulse to stimulate the mechanical cells of the heart to contract?
Which organ system is responsible for initiating an impulse to stimulate the mechanical cells of the heart to contract?
- Respiratory system
- Endocrine system
- Cardiovascular system (correct)
- Nervous system
What is the term for the process of returning the heart to normal sinus rhythm using a therapeutic dose of electrical energy?
What is the term for the process of returning the heart to normal sinus rhythm using a therapeutic dose of electrical energy?
- Cardioversion (correct)
- Fluoroscopy
- Ablation
- Defibrillation
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
- Atrioventricular node (correct)
- Ventricular septal node
- Sinoatrial node
- Bundle of His
What term is used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute?
What term is used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute?
Which medical condition is characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood?
Which medical condition is characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood?
What term is used to describe the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
What term is used to describe the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
Which term describes a dysrhythmia in which every other beat is a premature ventricular contraction?
Which term describes a dysrhythmia in which every other beat is a premature ventricular contraction?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are contracting and pushing blood out of the heart?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are contracting and pushing blood out of the heart?
What is the name for a device implanted under the skin that continuously monitors the heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to restore a normal heartbeat if necessary?
What is the name for a device implanted under the skin that continuously monitors the heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to restore a normal heartbeat if necessary?
Which term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
Which term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What does the P wave represent in the cardiac cycle?
What does the P wave represent in the cardiac cycle?
What does the 12-lead ECG provide views of?
What does the 12-lead ECG provide views of?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
What is the time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next called?
What is the time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next called?
What initiates impulses to stimulate both ventricles to contract?
What initiates impulses to stimulate both ventricles to contract?
Which area can initiate impulses as a protective mechanism if necessary?
Which area can initiate impulses as a protective mechanism if necessary?
What interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
What interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
What is the name for a small wave occurring shortly after the T wave, most prominent in patients with hypokalemia?
What is the name for a small wave occurring shortly after the T wave, most prominent in patients with hypokalemia?
What interval reflects the time from completion of myocardial contraction to recovery for the next impulse, starting at the end of the QRS and ending at the beginning of the T wave?
What interval reflects the time from completion of myocardial contraction to recovery for the next impulse, starting at the end of the QRS and ending at the beginning of the T wave?
What does the PR interval measure?
What does the PR interval measure?
Which interval measures the time from start of Q wave to end of T wave, representing ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
Which interval measures the time from start of Q wave to end of T wave, representing ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
Which complex is composed of Q, R, and S waves and is larger than the P wave due to ventricles' greater muscle mass?
Which complex is composed of Q, R, and S waves and is larger than the P wave due to ventricles' greater muscle mass?
Which interval represents ventricular depolarization and repolarization and can cause dysrhythmias when prolonged or shortened?
Which interval represents ventricular depolarization and repolarization and can cause dysrhythmias when prolonged or shortened?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
What method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
What method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
What term is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What term is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
Which interval is measured to report abnormalities to the healthcare provider?
Which interval is measured to report abnormalities to the healthcare provider?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
Which method for calculating heart rate involves counting small squares between two R waves and dividing by 1500?
Which method for calculating heart rate involves counting small squares between two R waves and dividing by 1500?
What term refers to an irregular rhythm with varying R-to-R spacing on an ECG?
What term refers to an irregular rhythm with varying R-to-R spacing on an ECG?
What is the normal range for the PR interval in seconds during ECG interpretation?
What is the normal range for the PR interval in seconds during ECG interpretation?
What should be noted if there is a variation in the PR interval during ECG interpretation?
What should be noted if there is a variation in the PR interval during ECG interpretation?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant?
During which phase does the impulse travel down the bundle of His and stimulates both ventricles to contract?
During which phase does the impulse travel down the bundle of His and stimulates both ventricles to contract?
What represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle, appearing as a small hill?
What represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle, appearing as a small hill?
What term is used to describe the time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, which includes the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave?
What term is used to describe the time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, which includes the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave?
Which interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
Which interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
What does the 12-lead ECG provide views of?
What does the 12-lead ECG provide views of?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
What is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What initiates impulses to stimulate both ventricles to contract?
What initiates impulses to stimulate both ventricles to contract?
What does the regularity of an ECG rhythm refer to?
What does the regularity of an ECG rhythm refer to?
How is heart rate calculated using the one-minute method?
How is heart rate calculated using the one-minute method?
What is examined to determine the presence of dysrhythmia in ECG interpretation?
What is examined to determine the presence of dysrhythmia in ECG interpretation?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have a normal and constant appearance?
Which interval in ECG interpretation should have a normal and constant appearance?
What is the normal range for the PR interval in seconds during ECG interpretation?
What is the normal range for the PR interval in seconds during ECG interpretation?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
Which term describes a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
Which term describes a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from $0.12$ to $0.20$ seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from $0.12$ to $0.20$ seconds?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
If the SA node fails, what protective mechanism can initiate impulses to maintain heart function?
What process involves returning the heart to normal sinus rhythm using a therapeutic dose of electrical energy?
What process involves returning the heart to normal sinus rhythm using a therapeutic dose of electrical energy?
What does the wave representing ventricular repolarization and ending when the wave returns to the isoelectric line on an ECG indicate?
What does the wave representing ventricular repolarization and ending when the wave returns to the isoelectric line on an ECG indicate?
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which node is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What term is used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute?
What term is used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line on an ECG?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line on an ECG?
What method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
What method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
What interval measures the time from start of Q wave to end of T wave, representing ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
What interval measures the time from start of Q wave to end of T wave, representing ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
Which organ system is responsible for initiating an impulse to stimulate the mechanical cells of the heart to contract?
Which organ system is responsible for initiating an impulse to stimulate the mechanical cells of the heart to contract?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
What term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
What term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
What does the QRS complex represent in an ECG?
What does the QRS complex represent in an ECG?
What is the normal range for the QT interval during ECG interpretation?
What is the normal range for the QT interval during ECG interpretation?
What does an inverted T wave on an ECG indicate?
What does an inverted T wave on an ECG indicate?
What is the U wave on an ECG most prominent in patients with?
What is the U wave on an ECG most prominent in patients with?
Which segment reflects the time from completion of myocardial contraction to recovery for the next impulse in an ECG?
Which segment reflects the time from completion of myocardial contraction to recovery for the next impulse in an ECG?
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which wave represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle?
Which wave represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle?
What does the PR interval measure in ECG interpretation?
What does the PR interval measure in ECG interpretation?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
What interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
What interval measures the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the S wave and typically lasts 0.06 to 0.10 seconds?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are at rest and filling with blood?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle, appearing as a small hill?
What represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle, appearing as a small hill?
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
Which node is responsible for delaying the electrical impulse before it is allowed to pass into the ventricles?
What term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
What term refers to a condition where more than one site in the atria or ventricles generates electrical impulses, causing a dysrhythmia with different QRS complexes?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
What does the T wave represent on an ECG?
Which medical condition is characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood?
Which medical condition is characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood?
Which method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
Which method can be used to calculate heart rate by counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are contracting and pushing blood out of the heart?
What is the term for the period when the ventricles are contracting and pushing blood out of the heart?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What does an abnormal P wave indicate in ECG interpretation?
What term is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What term is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization and ends when the wave returns to the isoelectric line?
During which phase does the impulse travel down the bundle of His and stimulates both ventricles to contract?
During which phase does the impulse travel down the bundle of His and stimulates both ventricles to contract?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
What should be examined for the presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance?
What is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What is used to describe a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) directly indicate?
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization on an ECG?
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization on an ECG?
What does the P wave represent in the cardiac cycle?
What does the P wave represent in the cardiac cycle?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
During which phase does blood get pushed into the ventricles?
What term describes a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What term describes a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
What represents the time from SA node to AV node and can range from 0.12 to 0.20 seconds?
Which wave represents ventricular depolarization and repolarization on an ECG?
Which wave represents ventricular depolarization and repolarization on an ECG?
Regularly irregular rhythm indicates a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm.
Regularly irregular rhythm indicates a predictable pattern of irregularity in R-to-R spacing on an ECG rhythm.
The one-minute method for calculating heart rate involves counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10.
The one-minute method for calculating heart rate involves counting R waves in a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10.
Abnormal P waves on an ECG indicate dysrhythmia, requiring further examination.
Abnormal P waves on an ECG indicate dysrhythmia, requiring further examination.
The PR interval measures the time from the start of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex.
The PR interval measures the time from the start of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex.
The QRS interval should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant.
The QRS interval should have all complexes look alike and be normal and constant.
The QT interval is measured to report abnormalities to the healthcare provider.
The QT interval is measured to report abnormalities to the healthcare provider.
An irregularly irregular rhythm on an ECG indicates a varying R-to-R spacing with no pattern of irregularity.
An irregularly irregular rhythm on an ECG indicates a varying R-to-R spacing with no pattern of irregularity.
The six-second method for calculating heart rate involves counting small squares between two R waves and dividing by 1500.
The six-second method for calculating heart rate involves counting small squares between two R waves and dividing by 1500.
The PR interval measures the time from the start of the P wave to the start of the T wave.
The PR interval measures the time from the start of the P wave to the start of the T wave.
The importance of a systematic method for interpreting ECG rhythms is to decrease understanding and overlook items.
The importance of a systematic method for interpreting ECG rhythms is to decrease understanding and overlook items.
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Study Notes
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Six-step process for interpreting ECG rhythms for identifying dysrhythmias
-
Regularity of the rhythm:
- Determined by R-to-R spacing on ECG
- Normal rhythm: same R-to-R spacing, rarely varies
- Irregular rhythm: varying R-to-R spacing
- Regularly irregular: predictable pattern of irregularity
- Irregularly irregular: no pattern of irregularity
-
Methods for calculating heart rate:
- One-minute method: count small squares between two R waves and divide by 1500
- Six-second method: count R waves in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10
-
P waves:
- Examined for presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance
- Abnormal P waves indicate dysrhythmia, requiring further examination
-
PR interval:
- Normal interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- Variation: note if there is a pattern
-
QRS interval:
- Normal and constant
- All QRS complexes look alike
-
QT interval:
- Measured to report abnormalities to healthcare provider
-
Importance of systematic method for interpreting ECG rhythms to increase understanding and avoid overlooking items.
-
Six-step process for interpreting ECG rhythms for identifying dysrhythmias
-
Regularity of the rhythm:
- Determined by R-to-R spacing on ECG
- Normal rhythm: same R-to-R spacing, rarely varies
- Irregular rhythm: varying R-to-R spacing
- Regularly irregular: predictable pattern of irregularity
- Irregularly irregular: no pattern of irregularity
-
Methods for calculating heart rate:
- One-minute method: count small squares between two R waves and divide by 1500
- Six-second method: count R waves in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10
-
P waves:
- Examined for presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance
- Abnormal P waves indicate dysrhythmia, requiring further examination
-
PR interval:
- Normal interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- Variation: note if there is a pattern
-
QRS interval:
- Normal and constant
- All QRS complexes look alike
-
QT interval:
- Measured to report abnormalities to healthcare provider
-
Importance of systematic method for interpreting ECG rhythms to increase understanding and avoid overlooking items.
-
The cardiac monitor or electrocardiogram (ECG) records electrical activity in the heart, but it does not directly indicate the contraction of heart muscle cells.
-
To determine heart muscle contraction and subsequent blood pumping, assess the patient's blood pressure and apical and peripheral pulses.
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The sinoatrial (SA) node located in the upper posterior wall of the right atrium is the primary pacemaker of the heart, which normally fires at a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm).
-
If the SA node slows or fails, other areas of the heart can initiate impulses as a protective mechanism, known as escape.
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The atria contract during atrial systole, resulting in blood being pushed into the ventricles during ventricular diastole.
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The impulse travels down the bundle of His and stimulates both ventricles to contract, known as ventricular systole.
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The cardiac cycle is the time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, which includes the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave.
-
The 12-lead ECG provides 12 different views of the heart's electrical activity, while continuous monitoring may use one lead.
-
The P wave represents atrial depolarization and is the first wave of the cardiac cycle, appearing as a small hill.
-
The SA node is the primary pacemaker of the heart, but other areas can initiate impulses to maintain heart function if necessary.
-
Six-step process for interpreting ECG rhythms for identifying dysrhythmias
-
Regularity of the rhythm:
- Determined by R-to-R spacing on ECG
- Normal rhythm: same R-to-R spacing, rarely varies
- Irregular rhythm: varying R-to-R spacing
- Regularly irregular: predictable pattern of irregularity
- Irregularly irregular: no pattern of irregularity
-
Methods for calculating heart rate:
- One-minute method: count small squares between two R waves and divide by 1500
- Six-second method: count R waves in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10
-
P waves:
- Examined for presence of one P wave in front of each QRS complex, regular occurrence, and similar appearance
- Abnormal P waves indicate dysrhythmia, requiring further examination
-
PR interval:
- Normal interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- Variation: note if there is a pattern
-
QRS interval:
- Normal and constant
- All QRS complexes look alike
-
QT interval:
- Measured to report abnormalities to healthcare provider
-
Importance of systematic method for interpreting ECG rhythms to increase understanding and avoid overlooking items.
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