Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Which of the following best describes an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
- Hemolytic transfusion reaction
- Anaphylaxis
- Urticaria
- Contact dermatitis (correct)
What is a likely result of pernicious anemia due to immune system action?
What is a likely result of pernicious anemia due to immune system action?
- Increased vitamin B12 absorption
- Destruction of stomach parietal cells (correct)
- Excessive red blood cell production
- Normal intrinsic factor levels
Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own thyroid tissue?
Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own thyroid tissue?
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Hashimoto Thyroiditis (correct)
Which of the following antibodies is typically detected for diagnosing pernicious anemia?
Which of the following antibodies is typically detected for diagnosing pernicious anemia?
What is a common symptom associated with pernicious anemia?
What is a common symptom associated with pernicious anemia?
What differentiates Hashimoto Thyroiditis from other autoimmune diseases?
What differentiates Hashimoto Thyroiditis from other autoimmune diseases?
Which of the following lab findings would most likely indicate Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which of the following lab findings would most likely indicate Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is the primary goal of the treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
What is the primary goal of the treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
What significant change in the immune response occurs in Immune Deficiencies?
What significant change in the immune response occurs in Immune Deficiencies?
Which treatment option is used for managing symptoms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which treatment option is used for managing symptoms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which population group is most affected by Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which population group is most affected by Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
In which way does the immune response manifest in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
In which way does the immune response manifest in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What effect does the presence of the HLA B27 antigen have in Ankylosing Spondylitis?
What effect does the presence of the HLA B27 antigen have in Ankylosing Spondylitis?
What is a common nursing intervention for patients experiencing flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is a common nursing intervention for patients experiencing flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is the role of Coombs test in diagnosing Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What is the role of Coombs test in diagnosing Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which dietary precaution should be taken by patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which dietary precaution should be taken by patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of back pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of back pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Which of the following treatments is aimed at increasing RBC production in patients with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which of the following treatments is aimed at increasing RBC production in patients with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What is the primary cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in pernicious anemia?
What is the primary cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in pernicious anemia?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an immune response involving antibodies directing against cellular antigens?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an immune response involving antibodies directing against cellular antigens?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pernicious anemia?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pernicious anemia?
In the context of autoimmune disorders, which of the following statements is true regarding the immune response?
In the context of autoimmune disorders, which of the following statements is true regarding the immune response?
Which of the following autoimmune disorders involves an immune response resulting in damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerves?
Which of the following autoimmune disorders involves an immune response resulting in damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerves?
What process is primarily responsible for the symptoms experienced in Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What process is primarily responsible for the symptoms experienced in Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which lab finding is indicative of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which lab finding is indicative of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
How does Systemic Lupus Erythematosus primarily affect the body?
How does Systemic Lupus Erythematosus primarily affect the body?
Which treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis focuses on pain management?
Which treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis focuses on pain management?
What contributes to the transformation from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What contributes to the transformation from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which symptom is least commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which symptom is least commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is the primary role of the Coombs test in diagnosing Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What is the primary role of the Coombs test in diagnosing Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What characteristic symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis improves with activity?
What characteristic symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis improves with activity?
Which of the following is a recommended nursing intervention for patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which of the following is a recommended nursing intervention for patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which condition is characterized by an abnormal immune response leading to inflammation and damage to connective tissues?
Which condition is characterized by an abnormal immune response leading to inflammation and damage to connective tissues?
What complication is associated with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia due to vessel occlusions?
What complication is associated with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia due to vessel occlusions?
Which parameter is commonly chosen for the diagnosis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which parameter is commonly chosen for the diagnosis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
How is the immune response altered in Immune Deficiencies?
How is the immune response altered in Immune Deficiencies?
What is a typical clinical presentation in patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What is a typical clinical presentation in patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with the anaphylactic response?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with the anaphylactic response?
Which autoimmune disorder is primarily characterized by the destruction of the stomach's parietal cells?
Which autoimmune disorder is primarily characterized by the destruction of the stomach's parietal cells?
What is a common laboratory finding in patients diagnosed with pernicious anemia?
What is a common laboratory finding in patients diagnosed with pernicious anemia?
In autoimmune disorders, what mechanism leads to the recognition of self-antigens as foreign?
In autoimmune disorders, what mechanism leads to the recognition of self-antigens as foreign?
Which of the following conditions is classified under Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Which of the following conditions is classified under Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
What is a characteristic symptom of Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
What is a characteristic symptom of Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?
Which immunological response is primarily responsible for the symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which immunological response is primarily responsible for the symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What laboratory test is used to confirm Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What laboratory test is used to confirm Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
In Ankylosing Spondylitis, which part of the body is primarily affected?
In Ankylosing Spondylitis, which part of the body is primarily affected?
Which treatment option is often employed for managing symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which treatment option is often employed for managing symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is the main goal of nutrition management in patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What is the main goal of nutrition management in patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which symptom is associated with the progression to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which symptom is associated with the progression to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
What type of anemia is characterized by fragments of RBCs in circulation?
What type of anemia is characterized by fragments of RBCs in circulation?
Which of the following is a common complication to monitor in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which of the following is a common complication to monitor in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is a common characteristic of the pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
What is a common characteristic of the pain associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Which of the following is a potential environmental trigger for Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which of the following is a potential environmental trigger for Hashimoto Thyroiditis?
Which intervention is critical for nursing care in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which intervention is critical for nursing care in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
In the context of Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, what is the result of vessel occlusions?
In the context of Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, what is the result of vessel occlusions?
Flashcards
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Immune system overreacts, causing harm to the body.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune Disorders
Immune system attacks the body's own cells, mistaking them for foreign invaders.
Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Immune system destroys stomach cells, leading to B12 deficiency and weakened red blood cells (RBCs).
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Auto-antibodies
Auto-antibodies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune Disease
Signup and view all the flashcards
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hematocrit(Hct)
Hematocrit(Hct)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Signup and view all the flashcards
HLA B27 Antigen
HLA B27 Antigen
Signup and view all the flashcards
Immune Deficiencies
Immune Deficiencies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases
Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases
Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypersensitivity Type I
Hypersensitivity Type I
Signup and view all the flashcards
Autoimmune Disorder
Autoimmune Disorder
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Immune Deficiencies
Immune Deficiencies
Signup and view all the flashcards
RBC Count
RBC Count
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hgb/Hct
Hgb/Hct
Signup and view all the flashcards
Auto-antibodies
Auto-antibodies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fragmented RBCs
Fragmented RBCs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
HLA B27 Antigen
HLA B27 Antigen
Signup and view all the flashcards
Coombs Test
Coombs Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
LDH & serum bili
LDH & serum bili
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune Disorders
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Immune Deficiencies
Immune Deficiencies
Signup and view all the flashcards
RBC Count
RBC Count
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hgb/Hct
Hgb/Hct
Signup and view all the flashcards
Auto-antibodies
Auto-antibodies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fragmented RBCs
Fragmented RBCs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Signup and view all the flashcards
HLA B27 Antigen
HLA B27 Antigen
Signup and view all the flashcards
Coombs Test
Coombs Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
LDH & serum bili
LDH & serum bili
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Nursing Care of Patients with Immune Disorders
- This chapter (19) covers nursing care for patients with immune system disorders.
- Immune system disorders are categorized into hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune disorders, and immune deficiencies.
Disorders of the Immune System
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: The immune system reacts excessively, causing injury to the body.
- Gell and Coombs classifications are used to categorize these reactions.
- Type I: Allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema
- Type II: Hemolytic transfusion reaction
- Type III: Serum sickness
- Type IV: Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection
- Gell and Coombs classifications are used to categorize these reactions.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells.
- Examples include: Pernicious Anemia, Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Immune Thrombocytopenia, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Ulcerative Colitis.
- Immune Deficiencies: One or more components of the immune system are absent or deficient.
- The body cannot effectively combat infections.
- Examples include hypogammaglobulinemia, which can be congenital or acquired and is characterized by a deficiency in one or more immunoglobulins (Igs).
Pernicious Anemia
- Immune system attacks stomach parietal cells.
- Disrupts intrinsic factor production.
- Leads to vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficient/deformed red blood cells (RBCs) with poor oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Symptoms: Weakness, loss of appetite, glossitis, pallor, irritability, confusion, peripheral neuropathy.
- Diagnosis: Macrocytic (enlarged) cells under a microscope, low cobalamin levels, intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies.
- Treatment: Corticosteroids, vitamin B12 replacement for life.
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Body produces auto-antibodies for no known reason, attacking red blood cells (RBCs).
- RBCs are lysed (broken) or clumped, leading to circulating fragments in vessels or vessel occlusions.
- Symptoms vary from mild to severe, including fatigue, pallor, hypotension, dyspnea, palpitations, headaches, jaundice, and difficulty concentrating.
- Diagnosis: Low RBC count, hemoglobin/hematocrit, fragmented RBCs, elevated LDH and serum bilirubin, Coombs test to identify antibodies attached to RBCs.
- Treatment: Oxygen, folic acid, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, erythrocytapheresis, and splenectomy.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
- Autoantibodies form against thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors.
- Binding to receptors stimulates the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Inflammation in the thyroid gland caused by lymphocytes and phagocytes.
- Later, different autoantibodies destroy thyroid cells, resulting in hypothyroidism which slows secretion activity.
- Common in middle-aged females and people with Down or Turner syndromes.
- Symptoms: hyperthyroidism - restlessness, tremors, chest pain, increased appetite, diarrhea; hypothyroidism in progression- goiter, fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, dyspnea, anorexia, constipation, dry skin, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, facial puffiness, slowed mental processes.
- Diagnosis: Immunofluorescent assay for antithyroid antibodies, elevated TSH, low T3 and T4.
- Treatment: Thyroid hormone (thyroxine) replacement (levothyroxine).
- Nursing care involves soft diet, daily weights/I/O, limiting foods high in iodine, and taking levothyroxine 4 hours after iron-containing medications or antacids.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Chronic systemic inflammatory disease.
- Spontaneous remissions and exacerbations.
- Body makes antibodies against itself, causing immune complex formation affecting connective tissues, vascular system, and organs. Leads to inflammation, damage, and possibly death.
- Risk factors include genetic link, ethnicity (Black, Asian, Hispanic, American Indian) and females more than men, ages 15-44.
- Symptoms: mild to severe, affects nearly all systems, butterfly rash over nose and cheeks (less than half of patients), discoid skin lesions, exacerbations/flares triggered by hormones, stress, or infection.
- Diagnosis: Biopsy of skin lesions, elevated ESR, abnormal ANA titers (antibody tests), anti-double stranded DNA, anti-Smith antibodies.
- Treatment: Treat symptoms (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, IVIG, belimumab/Benlysta (decreases autoantibody production), new developing gene therapy.
- Nursing interventions to prevent exacerbations include sun protection, ADLs assistance, pain management, and monitoring for complications (emboli, vasculitis).
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Chronic progressive inflammatory disease impacting the spine and sacroiliac area, ribs, and large limb joints.
- Begins in lower spine and progresses upward.
- HLA B27 antigen stimulates an immune response, creating new bone formation at the inflamed area (bamboo spine).
- Common in men more than women.
- Diagnosed between late teens and 40s.
- Symptoms: Back stiffness, pain improved with activity, lordosis and kyphosis, fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss.
- Diagnosis: X-rays.
- Treatment: No cure, pain management, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).
Immune Deficiencies
- One or more components of the immune system are completely absent or deficient.
- Body cannot elicit or sustain an adequate immune response, making the patient susceptible to infections.
- Hypogammaglobulinemia (congenital or acquired): Deficient in one or more immunoglobulins (Igs), increasing the risk of infection.
- Treatment involves increasing immune function with IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the nursing care required for patients with immune system disorders, as outlined in Chapter 19. It encompasses hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune disorders, and immune deficiencies, providing a comprehensive overview of patient care for these conditions.