Questions and Answers
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of where drugs go through the body, including metabolism and excretion.
Pharmacodynamics determine the intensity of the drug response after it reaches the site of action.
True
Which of the following factors can affect drug metabolism? (Select all that apply)
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What is pharmacogenomics?
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The process of turning a drug into something that is inert for excretion is called ______.
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Match the following routes of drug administration with their definitions:
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What is the primary role of cytochrome P450 in pharmacology?
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What is the importance of drug formulation?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Understand pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) crucial for nursing roles.
- Identify potential medication-related harm and mistakes to educate patients effectively.
- Recognize the importance of pharmacogenetics in drug response variation.
Pharmacokinetics Overview
- Focuses on the fate of drugs in the body, including their absorption, metabolism, and excretion.
- Involves understanding how drugs enter the bloodstream and are distributed to sites of action.
- Factors influencing drug duration: medication type, dosage, biological processes, genetics, metabolism, and excretion capabilities.
Drug Entry and Distribution
- Drugs must enter and distribute effectively to exert therapeutic effects.
- Actions are typically temporary, necessitating detoxification and elimination processes.
- Active drug components undergo metabolism to become inactive or excretable substances.
Pharmacodynamics
- Examines how drugs affect the body upon reaching target sites, influencing the response's intensity.
- Evaluates the impact of medication on physiological systems and patient outcomes.
Pharmacogenomics
- Investigates genetic factors affecting individual drug responses, challenging the "one-size-fits-all" concept.
- Genetic variations can modify pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, leading to varied efficacy and adverse reactions.
- Key genes influencing drug responses include Cytochrome P450s, VKORC1, and TPMT.
Phases of Pharmacokinetics
- Comprises four key phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- These phases collaboratively determine drug concentration at the site of action.
Drug Formulation and Liberation
- Drug formulation involves breaking down carrier molecules to release the active ingredient efficiently.
- Liberation is essential for drug administration, influencing how quickly substances enter the bloodstream.
- Various routes of administration include:
- Injection (IM or IV)
- Inhalation
- Dermal
- Rectal
- Buccal (between gums and cheek)
- Sublingual (under the tongue)
- Intra-articular (directly into a joint space)
Role of Inactive Substances
- Inactive substances in drug formulations enhance absorption, dilute potent drugs, or control release rates.
- Effective mixing of active and inactive ingredients is crucial for accurate dosing and administration.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics essential for nurses. This quiz covers key concepts that are crucial for understanding medication actions and patient care responsibilities. Enhance your expertise in genetics and practical applications in nursing.
