NUR1 424 - Mental Health Ethics Class 9

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Questions and Answers

What are the four key ethical principles for mental health care in Canada?

Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Autonomy, Justice (correct)

Justice, Autonomy, Beneficence, Veracity

Veracity, Justice, Beneficence, Autonomy

Autonomy, Beneficence, Justice, Fidelity

What is a primary focus of the "Trauma-informed and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)" approach toward patients?

The approach prioritizes understanding the impact of traumas and violent experiences on patients' lives, behaviors, and worldview. It aims to create a safe and supportive environment, empowering the patient to make choices, collaborate in their care plan, and build their resilience.

The ______ is the primary cause of death in adults under 44 years of age among Indigenous communities in Canada.

suicide

The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in Canada has been steadily declining since 2012.

False Signup and view all the answers

Explain what is meant by the term "unmet health care needs", and how it relates to mental health.

Unmet health care needs refer to the situation where individuals who require access to healthcare services, particularly mental health services, don't actually receive them. This creates a major gap in the healthcare system and contributes to a higher risk of negative health outcomes. It highlights the necessity of increasing access to mental health resources and services to ensure individuals receive timely and appropriate care Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the significant ethical challenges faced by nurses in mental health settings.

A major ethical challenge in mental health nursing is navigating the delicate balance between respecting a patient's autonomy (right to make choices) and providing essential care, especially when the patient may be struggling with their mental health and requiring intervention. This is especially true in situations where the patient may not fully understand the implications of their choices or may be experiencing a crisis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the central belief at the heart of implementing a Trauma-Informed Care approach in mental health settings?

All individuals are capable of healing and recovery. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key ethical concern related to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mental healthcare?

AI applications typically fail to understand the emotional and social needs of patients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of technology for mental health?

Enhanced privacy and confidentiality of patient data Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice?

Autonomy, beneficence, paternalism, coercion, and power. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of mental health stigma for ethical nursing practice?

Stigma can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and a lack of access to care, making it essential for nurses to advocate for their patients and challenge stigma. Signup and view all the answers

Trauma and violence-informed care (TVIC) is a crucial part of ethical nursing practice.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of these ethical questions are often discussed in relation to mental health?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main premise of the "deinstitutionalization movement" that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s?

The movement aimed to shift focus from institutionalizing individuals with mental illness to providing community-based care and support. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the contextual factors that influence mental health in Canada?

Social determinants of health, such as poverty, education levels, access to healthcare, and systemic discrimination, all play a significant role in mental health in Canada. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT considered one of the “Three Vital Components of Social Connection”?

Impact Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the ways in which technology can negatively impact an individual's mental health?

Technology can displace in-person interactions, contribute to feelings of isolation, and increase the risk of online harassment and cyberbullying, all of which can have a detrimental impact on mental well-being. Signup and view all the answers

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare is completely without ethical concerns.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Trauma and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)?

Encouraging individual independence and self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of the Montreal Declaration on Responsible AI?

The Montreal Declaration aims to ensure that AI is developed and implemented ethically, promoting well-being, autonomy, solidarity, equity, inclusivity, participation, prudence, and sustainable development. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Health Ethics

NUR1 424 - Class 9 notes by Marianne Sofronas & Catherine-Anne Miller
Course content includes coercion, stigma, trauma & violence informed care, moral practice in mental health nursing.

Class 9 - Mental Health Ethics - Learning Objectives

Discuss main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice
Identify risks to autonomy and beneficence related to paternalism, coercion, and power in mental health nursing
Discuss implications of mental health stigma for ethical nursing practice
Describe how a trauma and violence informed approach is part of ethical nursing practice
Analyze mental health ethical cases

Class 9 - Mental Health Ethics - Class Content

Mental Health Ethics and Nursing
Coercion and Stigma in mental illness
Trauma and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)
Nursing Ethics in mental health cases
AI ethics - Online Content

Mental Health Ethics - The Student Will Be Able To

Explore contextual factors in mental health in Canada
Discuss main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice
Reflect on paternalism, coercion, & power in mental health nursing
Discuss implications of mental health stigma & link it to ethical nursing practice
Reflect on trauma & violence informed care (TVIC) in ethical nursing practice
Analyze mental health cases through the lens of ethical theories

Content Summary

01 Context in Canada: Background information about mental health in Canada
02 Introduction to Mental Health Ethics: General overview of the topic
03 Paternalism, Coercion, & Power in Mental Health: Understanding these concepts within a mental health setting
04 Stigma and Nursing – Ethical Implications: How stigma affects ethical nursing practice
05 Trauma and Violence Informed Care – Ethical Care: Incorporating trauma informed care into ethical nursing practice

Reflections

Short reflection activity about mental health.

1- Context

Posters: "Don't give up", "You are not alone", "You matter"

Some Ethical Questions in Mental Health

Resource allocation/social justice (Clinical issues vs. psychosocial needs)
Treatments are often relational and without quick fixes
Deinstitutionalization movement (1960-70s)
Competence/capacity and consent (Autonomy)
OMH diagnosis
Implications of incompetence
Forced treatment & confinement, restraints (coercion)
Confidentiality and privacy
Patients with mental illness (MI) and expectations of privacy and confidentiality

Stigma

Notes on the management of spoiled identity by Erving Goffman

Perceptions of Mental Illness

Canadian News Media regularly stigmatize people with mental illnesses.
Symposium targets journalism students.

Mental Disorders in Canada, 2022

Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders increased from 2012 to 2022.
Highest prevalence among young women
Despite recent rises in substance-related deaths, the prevalence of substance use disorders did not increase from 2012 to 2022.
Over 5 million Canadians (18%) aged 15 and older met criteria for a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder in the previous 12 months.

Mental Illness in Canada

1 in 5 Canadians experience mental illness in their lifetime
20% of those have a substance abuse problem
70% of mental health problems begin in childhood or adolescence
Mental illness affects anyone, but some groups are at higher risk (lower income, underemployed, single mothers, children exposed to violence, workers with little decision-making power, victims of violence or abuse).
Indigenous populations are at higher risk (30% show symptoms of depression, suicide and self-inflicted injuries are the #1 cause of death in adults under 44, suicide rates in Indigenous communities are 5-7 times the national average, suicide rate in Inuit communities is 11 times the national average).

Unmet Health Care Needs (2022)

More than 1 in 3 (36.6%) of those with a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder reported unmet or partially met health and mental health care needs.

Mental Illness in Canada - Additional Factors

Only 1/3 of those who need mental health services in Canada actually receive them
15% of burden of disease, 5% of health care $
People with serious mental illness are disproportionately affected by homelessness
3 people commit suicide and 8 hospitalized for attempted suicide in Quebec each day
90% of suicide attempts preceded by history of mental illness

Mental Illness & Violence

Belief that people with mental illness are dangerous increases stigma & fear
People with mental illness are a small proportion of perpetrators of violence
Most people who are violent do not have a mental illness
People with mental illness are far more likely to be victims of crime

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V

DSM-V Proposal for the definition of Mental/Psychiatric Disorder

Technology

Specifics on Technology not detailed

Mental Health Prevention & AI

David, a 35-year-old man, uses the app Sovie to monitor his mental health.
The app collects various information (medication, diagnoses, routines) and provides a mood level and depression tendency rating.

Additional Mental Health Resources and Topics

La Déclaration de Montréal (2018): Focuses on well-being, autonomy, equity, inclusion, participation, prudence, and responsibility.
Virtual AI girlfriend app, social connection, loneliness epidemic, and technology; AI in healthcare, ethics considerations, implications.
Learning objectives for AI and its applications in healthcare, education, and professional use.

References and Specifics

Numerous references included likely to specific scholarly articles. Note study guides often list specific items and the authors. Focus on the topics within the notes.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice, focusing on coercion, stigma, and a trauma-informed care approach. Students will analyze case studies and explore the implications of ethical issues in mental health nursing. Enhance your understanding of how to navigate ethical dilemmas in this critical field.