NUR1 424 - Mental Health Ethics Class 9
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Questions and Answers

What are the four key ethical principles for mental health care in Canada?

  • Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Autonomy, Justice (correct)
  • Justice, Autonomy, Beneficence, Veracity
  • Veracity, Justice, Beneficence, Autonomy
  • Autonomy, Beneficence, Justice, Fidelity
  • What is a primary focus of the "Trauma-informed and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)" approach toward patients?

    The approach prioritizes understanding the impact of traumas and violent experiences on patients' lives, behaviors, and worldview. It aims to create a safe and supportive environment, empowering the patient to make choices, collaborate in their care plan, and build their resilience.

    The ______ is the primary cause of death in adults under 44 years of age among Indigenous communities in Canada.

    suicide

    The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in Canada has been steadily declining since 2012.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain what is meant by the term "unmet health care needs", and how it relates to mental health.

    <p>Unmet health care needs refer to the situation where individuals who require access to healthcare services, particularly mental health services, don't actually receive them. This creates a major gap in the healthcare system and contributes to a higher risk of negative health outcomes. It highlights the necessity of increasing access to mental health resources and services to ensure individuals receive timely and appropriate care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one of the significant ethical challenges faced by nurses in mental health settings.

    <p>A major ethical challenge in mental health nursing is navigating the delicate balance between respecting a patient's autonomy (right to make choices) and providing essential care, especially when the patient may be struggling with their mental health and requiring intervention. This is especially true in situations where the patient may not fully understand the implications of their choices or may be experiencing a crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central belief at the heart of implementing a Trauma-Informed Care approach in mental health settings?

    <p>All individuals are capable of healing and recovery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key ethical concern related to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mental healthcare?

    <p>AI applications typically fail to understand the emotional and social needs of patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of technology for mental health?

    <p>Enhanced privacy and confidentiality of patient data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice?

    <p>Autonomy, beneficence, paternalism, coercion, and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of mental health stigma for ethical nursing practice?

    <p>Stigma can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and a lack of access to care, making it essential for nurses to advocate for their patients and challenge stigma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trauma and violence-informed care (TVIC) is a crucial part of ethical nursing practice.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these ethical questions are often discussed in relation to mental health?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main premise of the "deinstitutionalization movement" that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>The movement aimed to shift focus from institutionalizing individuals with mental illness to providing community-based care and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the contextual factors that influence mental health in Canada?

    <p>Social determinants of health, such as poverty, education levels, access to healthcare, and systemic discrimination, all play a significant role in mental health in Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered one of the “Three Vital Components of Social Connection”?

    <p>Impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the ways in which technology can negatively impact an individual's mental health?

    <p>Technology can displace in-person interactions, contribute to feelings of isolation, and increase the risk of online harassment and cyberbullying, all of which can have a detrimental impact on mental well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare is completely without ethical concerns.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Trauma and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)?

    <p>Encouraging individual independence and self-reliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main goals of the Montreal Declaration on Responsible AI?

    <p>The Montreal Declaration aims to ensure that AI is developed and implemented ethically, promoting well-being, autonomy, solidarity, equity, inclusivity, participation, prudence, and sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Mental Health Ethics in Canada

    Ethical considerations surrounding mental health care in Canada, including contextual factors, ethical dimensions of nursing practice, paternalism, coercion, power dynamics, stigma, and trauma-informed care.

    Contextual Factors (Mental Health)

    The social, cultural, and economic circumstances influencing mental health experiences in Canada.

    Ethical Dimensions of MH Nursing

    The moral principles guiding mental health nursing practice, such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

    Paternalism (Mental Health)

    A practice where healthcare providers make decisions for patients without fully considering their autonomy.

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    Coercion in Mental Health

    Pressure or force used to make someone do something, particularly in forced treatment or confinement within mental healthcare.

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    Mental Health Stigma

    Negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards people with mental illnesses, leading to discrimination and social exclusion.

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    Trauma & Violence-Informed Care (TVIC)

    A way of providing healthcare that acknowledges and addresses the impact of trauma and violence, fostering safety, choice, and resilience.

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    Resource Allocation (Mental Health)

    Fair distribution of healthcare resources and support, including medications and social resources, in mental health care.

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    Capacity and Consent (Mental Health)

    Assessing a person's ability to make decisions about their health care and ensuring they give informed consent for treatment in mental health.

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    Confidentiality and Privacy in Mental Health

    Protecting a person's personal information and ensuring their right to privacy in their mental health care.

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    Coercion spectrum

    Coercion exists on a spectrum from persuasion to compulsion; mental health care can involve different kinds of pressure.

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    Informal coercion

    Subtle influence or pressure that forces someone to follow a certain course of action in mental health care settings.

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    Mental Illness Stigma Impact

    Negative beliefs, societal attitudes, and fear around mental illness that negatively impact access to care and worsen outcomes for individuals with mental health conditions.

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    Equity-oriented Healthcare

    Healthcare that is fair, just, and inclusive, respecting the diverse needs and experiences of all people, focusing on reducing systemic inequities.

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    TVIC Principles

    Principles of trauma-informed care: understanding trauma impact, creating safety, fostering choice and collaboration, supporting resilience and connection.

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    Adaptive Behaviors

    Healthy and effective responses to challenges and stressors in mental health, promoting resilience and maintaining well-being.

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    Mental Health & Technology

    Using technology to support mental health, including apps, online resources, and telehealth services.

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    Generative AI

    AI that can create new content, such as text, images, or music.

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    AI in Healthcare

    Using AI for various healthcare tasks, including diagnostics, treatment planning but also considering potential ethical considerations.

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    Ethical Considerations in AI

    Important factors to think about when AI is used in healthcare, such as equity, privacy, bias, data security and safety.

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    Loneliness Epidemic

    The increasing problem of feeling isolated and disconnected in modern societies.

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    Mental Health Ethics

    The moral principles and considerations guiding mental health care, involving issues like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. It also addresses the unique ethical aspects of mental health nursing practice.

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    Context in Canadian Mental Health

    The social, cultural, economic factors that influence mental health in Canada, including poverty, access to care, and stigma. It also considers the unique experiences of Indigenous populations.

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    Paternalism in MH Care

    Making healthcare decisions for patients without fully acknowledging their ability to choose, often seen in situations where a provider feels they know what is best.

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    Coercion in MH

    Pressuring or forcing someone to accept treatment or care, often seen in situations where a person is hospitalized against their will.

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    Perceived Coercion

    When someone feels pressured to comply with a situation even if there isn't actual coercion, it involves their subjective experience.

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    Equitable Healthcare

    Providing healthcare that is fair and inclusive, addressing systemic inequities to ensure all individuals have access to quality care.

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    Combating Loneliness

    Strategies to address loneliness, including building connections, promoting social engagement, and fostering community.

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    AI Ethical Considerations in Healthcare

    Ethical issues involved in using AI, including bias, transparency, and potential harms, in relation to healthcare applications.

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    Impact of AI on Loneliness

    How advancements in AI might influence levels of loneliness, considering factors like social interactions, technology-mediated connections, and potential for isolation.

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    David's Story & AI Ethics

    The case of David and the Sovie app raises ethical concerns about AI's impact on mental health, including privacy, autonomy, and potential for overreach.

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    Impact of Technology & AI on Mental Health

    How technology advancements, including AI, affect mental health in both positive and negative ways, influencing social connections, well-being, and access to resources.

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    Personal Growth and Technology

    The influence of technology and AI on personal growth and development, including potential benefits and challenges.

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    AI in Education

    The use of AI in education, including personalized learning, automated grading, and analysis of student progress.

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    AI and Equity in Education

    Considering fairness and access to AI resources in education to ensure all learners benefit from technological advancements

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    Academic Integrity and AI

    Ethical considerations regarding the use of AI in academic work, including plagiarism, originality, and the appropriate use of technological tools.

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    AI in Nursing

    The potential applications of AI in nursing practice, including patient monitoring, data analysis, and providing customized care.

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    Study Notes

    Mental Health Ethics

    • NUR1 424 - Class 9 notes by Marianne Sofronas & Catherine-Anne Miller
    • Course content includes coercion, stigma, trauma & violence informed care, moral practice in mental health nursing.

    Class 9 - Mental Health Ethics - Learning Objectives

    • Discuss main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice
    • Identify risks to autonomy and beneficence related to paternalism, coercion, and power in mental health nursing
    • Discuss implications of mental health stigma for ethical nursing practice
    • Describe how a trauma and violence informed approach is part of ethical nursing practice
    • Analyze mental health ethical cases

    Class 9 - Mental Health Ethics - Class Content

    • Mental Health Ethics and Nursing
    • Coercion and Stigma in mental illness
    • Trauma and Violence Informed Care (TVIC)
    • Nursing Ethics in mental health cases
    • AI ethics - Online Content

    Mental Health Ethics - The Student Will Be Able To

    • Explore contextual factors in mental health in Canada
    • Discuss main ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice
    • Reflect on paternalism, coercion, & power in mental health nursing
    • Discuss implications of mental health stigma & link it to ethical nursing practice
    • Reflect on trauma & violence informed care (TVIC) in ethical nursing practice
    • Analyze mental health cases through the lens of ethical theories

    Content Summary

    • 01 Context in Canada: Background information about mental health in Canada
    • 02 Introduction to Mental Health Ethics: General overview of the topic
    • 03 Paternalism, Coercion, & Power in Mental Health: Understanding these concepts within a mental health setting
    • 04 Stigma and Nursing – Ethical Implications: How stigma affects ethical nursing practice
    • 05 Trauma and Violence Informed Care – Ethical Care: Incorporating trauma informed care into ethical nursing practice

    Reflections

    • Short reflection activity about mental health.

    1- Context

    • Posters: "Don't give up", "You are not alone", "You matter"

    Some Ethical Questions in Mental Health

    • Resource allocation/social justice (Clinical issues vs. psychosocial needs)
    • Treatments are often relational and without quick fixes
    • Deinstitutionalization movement (1960-70s)
    • Competence/capacity and consent (Autonomy)
    • OMH diagnosis
    • Implications of incompetence
    • Forced treatment & confinement, restraints (coercion)
    • Confidentiality and privacy
    • Patients with mental illness (MI) and expectations of privacy and confidentiality

    Stigma

    • Notes on the management of spoiled identity by Erving Goffman

    Perceptions of Mental Illness

    • Canadian News Media regularly stigmatize people with mental illnesses.
    • Symposium targets journalism students.

    Mental Disorders in Canada, 2022

    • Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders increased from 2012 to 2022.
    • Highest prevalence among young women
    • Despite recent rises in substance-related deaths, the prevalence of substance use disorders did not increase from 2012 to 2022.
    • Over 5 million Canadians (18%) aged 15 and older met criteria for a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder in the previous 12 months.

    Mental Illness in Canada

    • 1 in 5 Canadians experience mental illness in their lifetime
    • 20% of those have a substance abuse problem
    • 70% of mental health problems begin in childhood or adolescence
    • Mental illness affects anyone, but some groups are at higher risk (lower income, underemployed, single mothers, children exposed to violence, workers with little decision-making power, victims of violence or abuse).
    • Indigenous populations are at higher risk (30% show symptoms of depression, suicide and self-inflicted injuries are the #1 cause of death in adults under 44, suicide rates in Indigenous communities are 5-7 times the national average, suicide rate in Inuit communities is 11 times the national average).

    Unmet Health Care Needs (2022)

    • More than 1 in 3 (36.6%) of those with a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder reported unmet or partially met health and mental health care needs.

    Mental Illness in Canada - Additional Factors

    • Only 1/3 of those who need mental health services in Canada actually receive them
    • 15% of burden of disease, 5% of health care $
    • People with serious mental illness are disproportionately affected by homelessness
    • 3 people commit suicide and 8 hospitalized for attempted suicide in Quebec each day
    • 90% of suicide attempts preceded by history of mental illness

    Mental Illness & Violence

    • Belief that people with mental illness are dangerous increases stigma & fear
    • People with mental illness are a small proportion of perpetrators of violence
    • Most people who are violent do not have a mental illness
    • People with mental illness are far more likely to be victims of crime

    Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V

    • DSM-V Proposal for the definition of Mental/Psychiatric Disorder

    Technology

    • Specifics on Technology not detailed

    Mental Health Prevention & AI

    • David, a 35-year-old man, uses the app Sovie to monitor his mental health.
    • The app collects various information (medication, diagnoses, routines) and provides a mood level and depression tendency rating.

    Additional Mental Health Resources and Topics

    • La Déclaration de Montréal (2018): Focuses on well-being, autonomy, equity, inclusion, participation, prudence, and responsibility.
    • Virtual AI girlfriend app, social connection, loneliness epidemic, and technology; AI in healthcare, ethics considerations, implications.
    • Learning objectives for AI and its applications in healthcare, education, and professional use.

    References and Specifics

    • Numerous references included likely to specific scholarly articles. Note study guides often list specific items and the authors. Focus on the topics within the notes.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential ethical dimensions of mental health nursing practice, focusing on coercion, stigma, and a trauma-informed care approach. Students will analyze case studies and explore the implications of ethical issues in mental health nursing. Enhance your understanding of how to navigate ethical dilemmas in this critical field.

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