NUR 215 Exam 1 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What are the ABCs in nursing prioritization?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation

Which of the following is within an RN’s scope of practice? (Select all that apply)

  • Raising the head of the bed (correct)
  • Diagnosing medical conditions
  • Providing comfort (correct)
  • Performing surgeries
  • What is primary prevention designed for?

  • To prevent disease altogether (correct)
  • To detect illnesses early
  • To manage chronic diseases
  • To slow the onset of disease
  • What are the steps in the nursing process?

    <p>Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nursing process is a linear process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIPAA stand for?

    <p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a way to protect patient privacy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Not discuss patient info with those not involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key attributes of nursing?

    <p>Honesty, Integrity, Communication, Caring, Advocacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention during the tertiary prevention stage?

    <p>Rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modifiable risk factors can be reduced by changes in ______.

    <p>lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary responsibilities of nurses?

    <p>Assess patients, administer meds/treatments, provide education, modify care plans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role of Licensed Practical Nurses?

    <p>Administer certain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nurse Practitioners are independent practitioners with advanced education and training.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Physicians?

    <p>Diagnose and treat diseases/illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Case Managers/Social Workers?

    <p>Coordinate continuity of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following healthcare roles with their descriptions:

    <p>Pharmacists = Prepare and dispense medications Registered Dieticians = Plan food treatments/goals for health Spiritual Care Providers = Provide support in serious illness Alternative Care Providers = Offer health services outside traditional healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common safety hazard in the home?

    <p>Poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key home safety teaching measures?

    <p>Install smoke alarms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The RACE protocol stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and Extinguish.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a seizure, you should stay with the patient and call for ______.

    <p>help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fall precaution?

    <p>Wear non-slip socks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are elements of the nursing profession? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Code of ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What techniques are considered therapeutic communication? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Sharing Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of non-therapeutic communication? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Giving Personal Opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nonmaleficence?

    <p>Do not harm and prevent harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is autonomy in nursing?

    <p>A person’s right to choose and ability to act on that choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the State Board of Nursing do?

    <p>Regulates the practice of nursing and handles licensing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Nurse Practice Act?

    <p>A compilation of laws that govern the practice of nursing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cultural awareness?

    <p>Perceiving cultural beliefs, values, and customs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are body mass index (BMI) ranges?

    <p>Underweight, healthy, overweight, obese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wellness-illness continuum?

    <p>A gradient that describes the varied nature of human health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immunizations are recommended for older adults? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Zoster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Healthy People 2030?

    <p>A national initiative that sets goals to reduce preventable health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being a client advocate mean?

    <p>Supporting patients' rights to make healthcare decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 rights of delegation?

    <p>Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Direction, Right Person, Right Supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-concept?

    <p>Overall view of self formed from evaluation of characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you delegate to assistive personnel? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Ambulating a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of HIPAA with their descriptions:

    <p>HIPAA = Federal law for health information protection Privacy = Client's rights over their personal health information Identifiers = Details like name and date of birth used for health records Compliance = Adherence to regulations regarding health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nursing attributes with their definitions:

    <p>Integrity = Consistently acting in accordance with moral and ethical principles Beneficence = Acting in the best interest of the patient Advocacy = Supporting patients and their right to make decisions Accountability = Taking responsibility for one's own actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of protecting patient privacy with their descriptions:

    <p>Logging Off = Disconnecting from the computer when leaving the area Do Not Discuss = Avoid talking about patient info in public settings Do Not Search = Refraining from looking through patient's belongings without consent Secure Storage = Keeping patient files in a locked location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with examples:

    <p>Physiological = Basic needs like food and water Safety = Security from harm and danger Love and Belonging = Friendship and intimate relationships Esteem = Recognition and respect from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing communication techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Active Listening = Fully concentrating on what is being said Empathy = Understanding and sharing the feelings of the patient Open-Ended Questions = Encouraging a detailed response from the patient Validation = Acknowledging the patient's feelings and concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nursing roles with their primary responsibilities:

    <p>Nurse Practitioner = Provides advanced clinical care Registered Nurse = Coordinates patient care and education Licensed Practical Nurse = Assists with basic patient care tasks Nurse Aide = Supports daily living activities for patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the observable changes in a patient’s health to their evaluation types:

    <p>Outcomes Evaluation = Focusing on measurable health changes Process Evaluation = Assessing the methods of care provided Formative Evaluation = Ongoing assessment during care Summative Evaluation = Final assessment after care completion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following attributes of effective nursing care with their descriptions:

    <p>Honesty = Being truthful in all communications Fairness = Treating all patients with equality Caring = Showing compassion and empathy towards patients Assertive Communication = Expressing thoughts clearly and directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing problems with their priority categories:

    <p>Airway obstruction = Most critical issue Severe pain = Moderate priority Mild anxiety = Low priority Routine check-up = Least critical issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions with their appropriate scope of practice for an RN:

    <p>Turning a patient = Within RN’s scope Prescribing medication = Outside RN’s scope Patient education = Within RN’s scope Diagnosing a disease = Outside RN’s scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following patient safety actions with their corresponding purposes:

    <p>Using ice packs = Reduce swelling Grooming/bathing = Promote comfort Assistance in ADLs = Enhance independence Preventing falls = Reduce injury risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to nursing practice with their definitions:

    <p>Nurse Practice Act = A compilation of laws that govern the practice of nursing State Board of Nursing = The entity responsible for regulating the practice of nursing in each state Cultural Competence = The ability to effectively incorporate culture into the provision of care Cultural Sensitivity = An awareness of the uniqueness of other cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors influencing prioritization in nursing:

    <p>Urgency of problem = Immediate attention needed Future consequences = Long-term impact considered Patient preference = Involves the patient’s choice Computer-assisted diagnosing = Involves technology for efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of cultural awareness with their descriptions:

    <p>Cultural Awareness = An appreciation of the external signs of diversity Cultural Sensitivity = An awareness/knowledge of the uniqueness of other cultures Negotiation = Acknowledging the patient's differing perspective on cultural practices Repatterning = Changing actions while respecting cultural values and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing interventions with their definitions:

    <p>Promote hydration = Encourage fluid intake Raising the head of the bed = Facilitate breathing Providing comfort = Enhance patient well-being Preventing falls = Minimize risk of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following BMI categories with their definitions:

    <p>Underweight = BMI less than 18.5 Healthy Weight = BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 Overweight = BMI between 25 and 29.9 Obese = BMI 30 and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components influencing the wellness-illness continuum with their descriptions:

    <p>Biological Factors = Intrinsic physical characteristics affecting health Nutrition = The intake of food essential for health Physical Activity = Engagement in exercise or movement to promote health Cultural Factors = Beliefs and practices that influence health behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing responsibilities with their descriptions:

    <p>Patient assessment = Gathering patient data Collaboration = Working with other healthcare providers Education = Teaching patients about health Documentation = Recording patient information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing practices with their applicable scenarios:

    <p>Grooming = Assisting with daily hygiene Turning a patient = Preventing pressure ulcers Providing comfort = Addressing pain management Patient education = Explaining medication use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following roles of the State Board of Nursing with their responsibilities:

    <p>Regulating Practice = Directly responsible for overseeing nursing practice in the state Licensing = Evaluating and processing nursing license applications Scope of Practice = Defining what nurses can and cannot do in their jurisdiction Disciplinary Actions = Handling violations of nursing practice standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing principles with their explanations:

    <p>Nonmaleficence = Do no harm Autonomy = Respecting patient choice Beneficence = Acting in the patient’s best interest Justice = Fair treatment of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following forms of negotiation within cultural practices with their definitions:

    <p>Negotiation = Acknowledging that patient perspectives may differ about practices Repatterning = Attempting to change actions while respecting cultural beliefs Cultural Competence = Effectively incorporating culture in care provision Cultural Awareness = Understanding cultural beliefs that influence behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health promotion factors with their roles in wellness:

    <p>Biological Factors = Genetics and health history influencing wellness Nutrition = Essential for preventing disease and maintaining health Lifestyle Choices = Decisions related to smoking and alcohol use Financial Stability = Access to resources that support health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cultural practices with their health implications:

    <p>Cultural Health Practices = Beliefs that dictate methods of health maintenance Cultural Awareness = Understanding how culture influences health decisions Cultural Competence = Respecting and integrating cultural differences in care Cultural Sensitivity = Values related to diverse cultural perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to body mass index (BMI) with their corresponding values:

    <p>Underweight = BMI &lt; 18.5 Healthy = BMI 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight = BMI 25 - 29.9 Obese = BMI ≥ 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to illness with their descriptions:

    <p>Illness = Change in the way a person feels Health = Influenced by attitude and lifestyle choices Vulnerable Populations = Groups at higher risk of health problems Assessment = Evaluating patient needs and conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the communication methods with their appropriate scenarios for non-English-speaking patients:

    <p>Facility interpreter = Trained to communicate complex medical terms Internet translation software = Quick translations for common phrases Medical translator = Intermediate between doctor and patient Family member = Not advised to interpret medical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristics of vulnerable populations with their descriptions:

    <p>Homeless = Lack of stable housing Mentally ill = Experiencing psychological disorders Young = Individuals in their formative years Elderly = Individuals generally over 65 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of fall risk education with their functions:

    <p>Morse Fall Scale = Assess likelihood of falling Non-slip socks = Reduce slipping risks Grab bars = Provide support in bathrooms Trip hazards removal = Clear pathways to prevent falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the timing of fall risk assessments with the appropriate scenarios:

    <p>Admission = Initial risk assessment for all clients Regular intervals = Ongoing evaluations based on patient condition Post-fall = Assess changes in patient's condition after a fall Routine check-ups = Scheduled evaluations for fall risk updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the interprofessional team member roles with their primary focus:

    <p>Nurse = Direct patient care and health education Social Worker = Support for emotional and social needs Physician = Diagnosis and medical treatment planning Case Manager = Coordinating patient care services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the methods to reduce fall risk with their descriptions:

    <p>Shower chair = Assist patient during bathing Bed/chair alarm = Alert caregivers when patient moves Mobility aids = Support to enhance movement Wall signs = Indicate fall risk to staff and family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the aspects influencing health with their descriptions:

    <p>Patient's attitude = Personal beliefs affecting health behavior Lifestyle choices = Daily habits impacting health outcomes Access to care = Availability of medical resources Stressors = Factors contributing to health challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps of the nursing process with their descriptions:

    <p>Assessment = Gathering data about the patient's health status Diagnosis = Analyzing assessment data to identify health patterns Planning = Identifying goals and choosing interventions Evaluation = Making judgments about patient progress after care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of data with their definitions:

    <p>Primary Data = Data obtained directly from the patient Subjective Data = What the patient describes or tells you Objective Data = What can be observed or measured Secondary Data = Data obtained from medical records or other providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following planning types with their focus:

    <p>Initial Planning = Development of the initial comprehensive care plan Ongoing Planning = Adjustments made to prioritize patient problems Discharge Planning = Preparing patient for self-care post-discharge Nursing Care Plan = Central source of info for holistic patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following evaluation types with their focuses:

    <p>Structure Evaluation = Focus on the setting of care Process Evaluation = Focus on the activities performed during care Outcome Evaluation = Focus on patient health outcomes Quality Evaluation = Focus on the effectiveness of nursing care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnostic types with their purposes:

    <p>Nursing Diagnosis = Identifies health statuses treatable by nurses Medical Diagnosis = Describes specific diseases or injuries Pathology = Focuses on determining the underlying disease Health Status = Describes overall condition of patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following intervention types with their actions:

    <p>Dependent Interventions = Nursing actions that are prescribed by a physician Independent Interventions = Nursing actions that nurses can initiate on their own Interdependent Interventions = Collaborative actions with other healthcare providers Delegated Interventions = Actions performed by others under the nurse's direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assessment data types with their characteristics:

    <p>Physiological Data = Information about bodily functions and conditions Psychological Data = Information regarding mental health and well-being Sociocultural Data = Information about social and cultural factors affecting health Spiritual Data = Information related to a patient's beliefs and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following care planning components with their descriptions:

    <p>Goals = Desired outcomes for patient care Interventions = Specific actions to address patient needs Continuity of Care = Ensuring ongoing support after patient discharge Prioritization = Determining the most urgent patient issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of implementation with their descriptions:

    <p>Performing = Carrying out the planned interventions Documenting = Recording actions and patient responses Delegating = Assigning tasks to other care team members Monitoring = Regularly assessing the patient's condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of critical thinking with their contexts:

    <p>Analyzing = Evaluating assessment data for patterns Interpreting = Understanding the significance of data trends Applying = Implementing the most effective interventions Evaluating = Assessing whether goals have been met</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Patient Prioritization

    • Prioritization in nursing is guided by the ABCs: Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
    • Critical problems are addressed first, while less urgent issues can be postponed.
    • Influencing factors include problem urgency, potential future consequences, patient preferences, and diagnostic tools.

    RN's Scope of Practice

    • Nurses can perform tasks without a doctor's order, including:
      • Patient positioning, comfort provision, grooming, and hygiene assistance.
      • Use of heat or ice applications, teaching, fall prevention, and promoting nourishment.
    • When asked to perform out-of-scope tasks, nurses should refer to facility policies, refuse if necessary, and escalate concerns using proper channels.

    Levels of Prevention

    • Primary prevention focuses on disease prevention, such as healthy eating, exercise, and vaccinations.
    • Secondary prevention involves early illness detection through screenings like self-exams and regular check-ups.
    • Tertiary prevention aims to prevent disease progression and facilitate recovery through rehabilitation and support.

    Nursing Process (ADPIE)

    • The nursing process is cyclical and involves continuous progression through five steps:
      • Assessment: Gathering both subjective/private (self-reported) and objective/observable (clinical observations) data.
      • Diagnosis: Identifying health issues based on assessment data; distinguishes nursing diagnoses from medical diagnoses.
      • Planning: Setting goals, choosing interventions, and creating care plans, including discharge plans to ensure continuity of care.
      • Implementation: Executing and documenting interventions as part of patient care.
      • Evaluation: Assessing patient progress and the effectiveness of the care plan.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Understanding this hierarchy is crucial for addressing patients' needs systematically, starting from basic physiological needs to achieving self-actualization.

    HIPAA and Patient Privacy

    • HIPAA was enacted in 1996 to protect personal health information across all formats.
    • Privacy protections include securing identifiable information and limiting access to authorized personnel only.
    • Nurses should implement privacy measures, such as logging off computers, avoiding discussions in public, and respecting patient belongings.

    Nursing Attributes

    • Essential qualities for nurses include honesty, integrity, effective communication, caring demeanor, advocacy, accountability, and prioritization skills.

    Therapeutic Communication in Sexual Health

    • Cultivating a non-judgmental and private atmosphere is key during sexual health discussions.
    • Nurses should reflect on their own biases and ensure open, respectful communication to address patient needs.

    Risk Factors

    • Modifiable Risk Factors: Can be altered through lifestyle changes (diet, exercise).
    • Nonmodifiable Risk Factors: Cannot change personal history or genetic predisposition.

    Professional Requirements in Nursing

    • Nursing requires technical knowledge, peer evaluation, service orientation, and adherence to ethical codes.
    • Improvements include standard educational requirements and increased public awareness of nursing's scope.

    Therapeutic Communication Techniques

    • Active listening, sharing empathy and hope, and providing information are critical to effective patient interactions.
    • Non-verbal cues such as body language and providing a relaxed atmosphere enhance patient comfort.

    Non-Therapeutic Communication Examples

    • Avoid inappropriate personal questions, changing subjects abruptly, or providing false reassurances, as they hinder patient communication.

    Ethical Principles of Nursing

    • Core ethical principles include:
      • Nonmaleficence: Do no harm.
      • Autonomy: Respect patient choices.
      • Justice: Treat patients fairly.
      • Beneficence: Promote good and prevent harm.
      • Fidelity: Keep promises and commitments.

    State Board of Nursing

    • Responsible for regulating nursing practice, evaluating licenses, enforcing practice standards, and addressing disciplinary issues.

    Nurse Practice Act

    • A body of laws that governs nursing practice and outlines the authority of the state's board of nursing.

    Cultural Awareness

    • Understanding and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds to improve patient care and communication.### Cultural Awareness in Nursing
    • Cultural awareness involves recognizing and understanding cultural beliefs, values, and customs that influence individual behaviors and decisions.
    • Cultural Awareness: Acknowledges diversity through external signs.
    • Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding the uniqueness of different cultures.
    • Cultural Competence: Ability to incorporate cultural factors respectfully into patient care, supporting empowering decision-making.
    • Negotiation: Recognizes differing perspectives on health practices, fostering understanding.
    • Repatterning/Restructuring: Modifying care/lifestyle choices while honoring cultural values.

    Body Mass Index (BMI) Ranges

    • BMI is a calculation that assesses body fat based on weight and height for adults.
    • Categories:
      • Underweight: BMI < 18.5
      • Healthy weight: BMI 18.5 - 24.9
      • Overweight: BMI 25 - 29.9
      • Obese: BMI ≥ 30

    Wellness-Illness Continuum

    • A spectrum illustrating the dynamic nature of health, influenced by several factors.
    • Components include biological, nutritional, physical, social, and environmental factors.
    • Nurses promote health-enhancing behaviors within patient-specific contexts.
    • Immunization recommendations for middle-aged adults (35-65) include:
      • Annual influenza vaccine
      • Tetanus and diphtheria boosters
      • Zoster (shingles) vaccine
      • Pneumococcal vaccine
      • Pertussis vaccine
    • Important to memorize only influenza and pneumonia vaccines for exams.

    Healthy People 2030

    • A nationwide initiative aimed at reducing preventable health risks.
    • Focuses on lifestyle impacts on health and aims to eliminate health disparities.

    Delegation in Nursing

    • Delegation is transferring task responsibility from an RN to nursing assistive personnel while retaining accountability for outcomes.
    • It differs from assignment as the RN maintains oversight.

    Five Rights of Delegation

    • Right Task: Ensure the task is appropriate to delegate.
    • Right Circumstance: Assess if the task is appropriate for the situation.
    • Right Direction & Communication: Provide clear, concise instructions to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).
    • Right Person: Determine the best-suited individual for the task.
    • Right Supervision: Establish how follow-up will occur and outcomes monitored.

    Direct vs. Indirect Care

    • Direct Care: Involves interactions like physical care, emotional support, and patient education.
    • Indirect Care: Conducted on behalf of the patient, including advocacy and environmental management.

    Self-Concept

    • Self-concept is a comprehensive view of oneself formed through personal evaluations and characteristics.
    • Influenced by factors such as gender, family, socioeconomic status, and peer relationships.
    • Key components include body image, self-esteem, role performance, and personal identity.

    ANA Code of Ethics

    • Provides guidelines on acceptable behaviors and conduct for nurses in practice.

    Purpose of Health Screenings

    • Aimed at promoting well-being and early disease detection.

    Definition of Illness

    • Illness is perceived as a change in feelings or disruption in life, influenced by one’s attitude and lifestyle.

    Communicating with Non-English-Speaking Patients

    • Use qualified interpreters or translation technologies for effective communication.
    • Avoid family members or untrained staff as interpreters.

    Characteristics of Vulnerable Populations

    • Groups at heightened risk for health issues due to barriers in accessing care and social challenges.
    • Examples include the homeless, those with mental illness, the elderly, and various minorities.

    Fall Risk Education

    • The Morse Fall Scale assists in quickly assessing fall risk.
    • Reducing fall hazards may involve environmental adjustments, such as removing trip hazards and using mobility aids.

    Interprofessional Team Members

    • Nurses assess and respond to patient needs, providing education and support.
    • Doctors diagnose and treat illnesses while other specialists contribute to rehabilitation and care coordination.
    • Social workers, pharmacists, and dieticians provide additional health support and resources.

    Home and Hospital Safety Measures

    • Identify common safety hazards including poisoning, fire risks, and falls.
    • Implement safety measures such as smoke detectors, safe medication storage, and appropriate supervision.
    • Hospital RACE protocol: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish; along with seizure and fall precautions to protect patient safety.

    Nursing Prioritization

    • Prioritize patient problems based on ABCs: Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
    • Address the most urgent issues first; consider factors like problem urgency and future consequences.
    • Patient safety is paramount, using computer-assisted diagnosis can aid in prioritization.

    RN Scope of Practice

    • RNs can perform tasks without a doctor's order, such as patient turning, comfort provision, grooming, and education.
    • For anything outside their scope, RNs should refer to facility policies for guidance and adhere to the cyclical process of care.

    Nursing Process

    • Assessment: Collect data regarding physiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, distinguishing between primary (patient-provided) and secondary (record-based) data.
    • Diagnosis: Utilize critical thinking to form nursing diagnoses for care planning; understand the difference between nursing and medical diagnoses, where nursing diagnoses focus on patient care.
    • Planning: Develop goals and nursing care plans, including initial, ongoing, and discharge planning to ensure continuity of care.
    • Implementation: Execute planned interventions, ensuring thorough documentation and delegation as needed.
    • Evaluation: Assess patient's healthcare outcomes, effectiveness of interventions, and overall quality of care provided.

    Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

    • Framework categorizing human needs from basic physiological to self-actualization, emphasizing the need to address lower-level needs before higher-order needs.

    HIPAA Overview

    • HIPAA is a federal law that protects personal health information in all forms.
    • Ensures patient rights regarding the confidentiality and disclosure of health information.
    • Protect patient privacy by logging off devices, refraining from discussing patient info publicly, and avoiding unauthorized searches.

    Nursing Attributes

    • Essential qualities for effective nursing include honesty, integrity, advocacy, and accountability.

    Nurse Practice Act

    • Encompasses laws governing nursing practice, ensuring state boards regulate nurses.

    Cultural Awareness in Nursing

    • Understanding cultural beliefs influences patient care decisions and behaviors.
    • Nurses should demonstrate cultural competence, sensitivity, and awareness, integrating these values into care.

    Body Mass Index (BMI)

    • BMI is calculated using height and weight to categorize individuals as underweight, healthy, overweight, or obese.

    Wellness-Illness Continuum

    • Describes the dynamic nature of health, influenced by biological, nutritional, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
    • Emphasizes the nurse's role in promoting wellness within the context of the patient's health status.

    Immunizations for Older Adults

    • Specific vaccination recommendations aimed at enhancing health and preventing illness in older populations.

    Communicating with Non-English-Speaking Patients

    • Utilize professional interpreters or translation tools to ensure effective communication, avoiding family members as intermediaries.

    Vulnerable Populations

    • Groups at higher risk for health problems due to socioeconomic factors, including the homeless, elderly, and those with mental illness.

    Fall Risk Management

    • Employ tools like the Morse Fall Scale for assessing fall risks and implement safety measures, such as removing hazards and using assistive devices.
    • Conduct fall risk assessments at patient admission and on a regular schedule.

    Interprofessional Team Members

    • Collaboration among healthcare professionals from various fields to enhance patient care and outcomes.

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