NUR 210 Unit 10: Sulfonamides and Antibiotics

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Questions and Answers

What is a benefit of combining Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole?

Synergistic effect, causing bacterial resistance to develop more slowly (correct)

Reduced effectiveness against MRSA

Increased risk of bacterial resistance

Increased risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

What is a common side effect of Sulfonamides?

Anemia

Tachycardia

Hypertension

GI distress (correct)

Why is it important to increase fluid intake when taking Sulfonamides?

To reduce the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

To reduce the risk of hypoglycemia

To reduce the risk of crystalluria (correct)

To increase the absorption of the medication

What is a contraindication for Sulfonamides?

Renal or liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory test should be monitored when taking Sulfonamides?

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction between Sulfonamides and another medication?

Increased effect of warfarin Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing intervention when administering Sulfonamides?

Administering the medication with a full glass of water Signup and view all the answers

What is a caution when using Sulfonamides in older adults?

Increased risk of hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is an assessment that should be performed when administering Sulfonamides?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative therapy for patients allergic to penicillin?

Sulfonamides Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient be taught to do when taking sulfamethoxazole?

Increase fluid intake to at least 2000 mL/day Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor a patient's renal function when taking sulfamethoxazole?

To prevent crystalluria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse reaction to sulfonamides?

Rash Signup and view all the answers

What is silver sulfadiazine used to treat?

Burns and skin ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Why should a patient taking sulfamethoxazole avoid taking antacids?

To enhance medication absorption Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient be taught to report to the healthcare provider?

Bruising or bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Why should a patient taking sulfamethoxazole wear sunglasses and sunblock?

To reduce the risk of photosensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when administering sulfamethoxazole to a pregnant patient?

The medication should not be given during the third trimester Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of sulfonamides?

They can cause hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why should a patient taking sulfamethoxazole increase fluid intake?

To prevent crystalluria Signup and view all the answers

Why should dairy products or antacids not be taken at the same time as sulfonamides?

They decrease the absorption of sulfonamides Signup and view all the answers

What type of effect results from taking co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)?

Synergistic Signup and view all the answers

What is true about sulfonamide therapy?

Patients on sulfonamide therapy need to increase their fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sulfonamides are used with sulfonylureas?

The hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas is increased Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sulfonamides are used with warfarin?

The anticoagulant effect of warfarin is increased Signup and view all the answers

Why should antacids not be taken with sulfonamides?

Antacids decrease the absorption of sulfonamides Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of sulfonamide therapy?

Crystalluria Signup and view all the answers

What should patients on sulfonamide therapy do to prevent complications?

Drink several quarts of fluid daily Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sulfonamides on the body?

They increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of taking co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)?

It increases the desired drug response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Uses of Sulfonamides

Used in synergistic effect to delay bacterial resistance
Used to treat urinary infections and MRSA
Alternative therapy for patients allergic to penicillin

Routes of Administration

Oral
IV
Topical
Ophthalmic

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

GI distress
Stomatitis
Photosensitivity
Hypoglycemia
Blood dyscrasias (RBC's, WBC's, platelets)
Crystalluria leading to renal failure
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Contraindications

Renal or liver disease
Anemia
Caution in older adults and diabetes

Interactions

Increases bleeding with warfarin
Increases effect of hypoglycemics
Increases digoxin level

Assessment

Vital signs
Renal function (urine output/labs)
Medical history/medication history
Allergies
CBC (baseline)

Nursing Interventions

Obtain C&S
Administer with full glass of water
Increase fluid intake to at least 2000 mL/day
Monitor I&O, VS, and CBC
Monitor for bleeding, CBC, and renal function
Monitor for rash and superinfection
Avoid during third trimester
Best given on an empty stomach

Teaching

Increase fluids to several quarts a day
Do not take antacids with medication
Warn patient if allergic to other sulfa drugs
Teach to minimize side effects
Teach to report adverse reactions (bruising or bleeding)
Wear sunglasses and sunblock when outdoors

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Description

This quiz covers the uses of sulfonamides, including their synergistic effect with trimethoprim, and their application in treating urinary infections and MRSA. It's an alternative therapy for patients allergic to penicillin.