Podcast
Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
- Inhibition of folic acid synthesis (correct)
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Inhibition of nucleic acid replication
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
How are sulfonamides primarily metabolized in the body?
How are sulfonamides primarily metabolized in the body?
- By the liver via acetylation (correct)
- By renal tubular secretion
- By the kidneys through filtration
- By plasma proteins
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the excretion of sulfonamides?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the excretion of sulfonamides?
- All sulfonamides are excreted unchanged
- They are only metabolized in the kidney
- Sulfonamides are not excreted in urine
- They can lead to crystalluria (correct)
Which sulfonamide is typically used in combination with trimethoprim for its synergistic effect?
Which sulfonamide is typically used in combination with trimethoprim for its synergistic effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of sulfonamides in terms of their classification?
What is the characteristic of sulfonamides in terms of their classification?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Sulfonamides
- Synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics
- Inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, which is necessary for nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) synthesis
- Competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase
- Prevent the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into dihydrofolic acid
- Inhibit bacterial growth
Pharmacokinetics
- Well absorbed orally
- Can be administered topically or intravenously
- Distribute well into body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the placenta
- Bound variably to plasma proteins
- Metabolized by the liver via acetylation
- Excreted via the kidneys, partly unchanged in the urine
- Can crystallize in the urine, leading to crystalluria
Classification
- Short-acting:
- Example: Sulfadiazine, Sulfisoxazole
- Used for simple UTIs or in combination for more serious infections.
- Intermediate-acting:
- Example: Sulfamethoxazole
- Often combined with trimethoprim (e.g., in cotrimoxazole) for synergistic effect.
- Long-acting:
- Example: Sulfadoxine
- Used in combination with pyrimethamine as an antimalarial agent.
- Topical agents:
- Example: Silver sulfadiazine and sulfacetamide
- Silver sulfadiazine is used in treating burn wounds.
- Sulfacetamide is used in treating eye infections.
- Example: Silver sulfadiazine and sulfacetamide
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
