NUR 131 Medical-Surgical Nursing: Cancer Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the most characteristic manifestation of colon cancer?

Weight loss

Persistent fatigue

Alteration in bowel habits (correct)

Change in body temperature

Which mutation is primarily associated with oncogenesis?

Tumor suppressor genes (correct)

Cell death genes

Cell cycle checkpoint genes

DNA repair genes

What may a change in bladder habits signify?

Colon cancer

Kidney stones

Liver disease

Bladder or prostate cancer (correct)

What causes a sore that does not heal?

Tumor-induced impaired circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of impaired circulation due to tumors?

Tissue necrosis and ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are involved in cellular differentiation?

Cellular differentiation genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may indicate unusual discharge?

Erosion of capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is associated with Hereditary retinoblastoma?

Retinoblastoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gene mutations is directly related to cellular senescence?

Cellular senescence genes Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of oncogenes indicate about cancer risk?

It determines the risk or percentage of developing cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with Wilms' tumor?

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What role do proto-oncogenes play in normal cell growth?

They encode components of normal growth-control pathways. Signup and view all the answers

Xeroderma pigmentosum is primarily associated with which type of cancer?

Skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer does Familial Adenomatous Polyposis predispose an individual to?

Colon and rectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer does Fanconi’s aplastic anemia primarily involve?

Liver cancer Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates a cancer cell from a normal cell?

Mutated or damaged oncogenes Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes tissue that grows by expansion without infiltrating surrounding tissues?

The tissue is usually encapsulated Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that differentiates metastasis from local growth?

It spreads through blood and lymphatic channels Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hyperplasia have on tissue?

It results in a larger than usual number of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the rate of growth and anaplasia in tissues?

Higher anaplasia correlates with faster growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with generalized effects of tissue growth?

Localized swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of dysplasia in tissues?

Loss of normal tissue arrangement and cell structure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the growth rate of a tissue with highly anaplastic cells?

Fast and erratic Signup and view all the answers

What condition may require treatment due to potentially becoming malignant?

Dysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a local symptom of cancer?

Lumps or swelling Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is categorized as a metastatic symptom?

Lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic symptom of cancer?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain history is most crucial to determine in cancer management?

Location and frequency of pain Signup and view all the answers

What symptom can indicate an advanced stage of cancer?

Painless initial swelling Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care concern is related to altered nutrition in cancer patients?

Risk for fluid volume deficit Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do regarding a patient's report of pain?

Believe the patient's report Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a systemic symptom of cancer?

Ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes adenocarcinoma?

It arises from epithelial cells that produce fluids or mucus. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is least treatable if it has progressed?

Adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is primarily associated with skin surface issues?

Basal cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Squamous cell carcinoma primarily affects which type of cells?

Epithelial cells beneath the skin surface Signup and view all the answers

Transitional cell carcinoma is most commonly found in which type of organ?

Organs that undergo expansion Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the disease process affecting cancerous cells?

Cells ignore growth-regulating signals. Signup and view all the answers

Basal cell carcinoma is primarily associated with which of the following traits?

It begins in the basal layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer type is least typically associated with abnormalities in organ output?

Basal cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What measure can be used to help manage anxiety in patients undergoing cancer treatment?

Encouraging the use of relaxation techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-pharmacological comfort measure for patients experiencing discomfort?

Diversional activities like music or television Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for patients undergoing therapies such as chemotherapy?

Risk for impaired oral mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT identified for managing pain in cancer patients?

Ignoring patient feedback on pain Signup and view all the answers

What is important for nurses to provide to patients about surgical therapies?

Educative information on what to expect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a psychosocial nursing care focus?

Anticipatory grieving support Signup and view all the answers

What type of care should be given to address family processes during cancer treatment?

Addressing risk for altered family process Signup and view all the answers

When managing constipation in patients, what is an appropriate intervention?

Providing non-pharmacological measures Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

NUR 131 Medical-Surgical Nursing 1: TranxCN: Cancer Release

This is a set of guidelines specifically intended for nursing students at De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute.
The TranxCN is not for sale.
Any reproduction, imitation, alteration, or tampering is strictly prohibited.
Failure to follow the guidelines will result in the immediate termination of access.
TranxCN is not intended to replace materials provided by the college.
The College of Nursing faculty/professors are not liable for any errors.

Concept of Cellular Aberration: An Introduction

Cancer is a disease involving uncontrolled growth of body cells.
Cancer cells fail to respond to signals that control normal growth.
Cancer cells ignore growth-regulating signals in the surrounding environment.
Genetic material is depleted.

Naming Cancers

Prefixes are used to name cancers.
Example: Adeno- refers to glands.

Types of Cancer

Carcinoma : Most common cancer type; formed by epithelial cells.
Adenocarcinoma : Develops in epithelial cells that produce fluids or mucus (e.g., breast, colon, prostate).
Basal Cell Carcinoma : Begins in the lower basal layer of epidermis (e.g., skin cancer).
Squamous Cell Carcinoma : Forms in squamous cells, epithelial cells beneath skin surface (e.g., tongue, stomach, intestine, bladder, kidney).
Transitional Cell Carcinoma Forms in transitional epithelium or urothelium (e.g., bladder, kidneys, ureter, urethra)

Additional Cancer Types

Sarcoma : Forms in bone and soft tissues (muscle, fat, blood vessels, fibrous tissues) Ex: Leiomyosarcoma
Leukemia: Begins in blood-forming tissue of bone marrow. Types include lymphoblastic or myeloid.
Lymphoma: Begins in lymphocytes (T or B cells). Types include Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Multiple Myeloma: Begins in plasma cells
Melanoma: Begins in melanocytes, specialized cells creating melanin. Risk factors include fair skin and high radiation exposure
Osteoma: Cancer of bone and muscle. Ex: Osteosarcoma
Hemangioma: Cancer of blood vessels
Carcinoma in situ : Uncontrolled cell growth confined to the original tissue; not metastatic.

Tumor Grading and Staging

Grading : Evaluates the degree to which tumor cells exhibit normal structural and functional characteristics.
Staging : Evaluates the size, extent, and spread of the tumor to categorize/differentiate the stages or severity(1,2,3,4), such as roman numerals. Often used in conjunction with TNM staging system.
TNM staging: Classification of tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and presence of metastasis (M)

Assessment

Population-based studies: Identify regions with the highest rates of certain cancers (e.g., Australia - skin cancer, Brazil - cervical cancer).
Risk factors: Tobacco use, high-energy radiation, and certain viruses or bacteria increase the chances of developing cancer
Other factors: genetics, family history influence cancer development, race, geography and ethnicity.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

This quiz focuses on the concepts of cancer as covered in NUR 131 Medical-Surgical Nursing 1. It includes information about the uncontrolled growth of cells, the naming of cancers, and different types of cancer. Ideal for nursing students looking to deepen their understanding of oncology.