123 Questions
What is the responsibility of a database administrator?
Enforcing procedures for user access and database system availability
What does the storage manager do in a database system?
Uses indexes to quickly locate data
What is the role of the query processor in a database system?
Interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and performs query optimization
What does the transaction manager ensure in a database system?
Transactions are properly executed
What does logical design convert ER models to?
Database tables and keys
Which notation uses circles, lines, and three lines to represent cardinality?
Crow's foot notation
What are primary keys in a database?
Stable, simple, meaningless, and unique identifiers
What does normalization aim to eliminate?
Redundancy by decomposing a table into smaller ones
What do indexes help improve in a database?
Query performance by providing faster access to data
Which type of index uses different methods to store data?
Bitmap indexes
What does physical design specify in a database?
Indexes, table structures, and partitions
What does a storage engine translate query instructions into?
Low-level commands to access data
What does Crow's foot notation use to represent cardinality?
'Circles, lines, and three lines'
'What eliminates redundancy by decomposing a table into smaller ones?'
Normalization
'What type of key is unique and minimal?'
Candidate key
'What concept in database design involves dependency and redundancy?'
Functional dependence
Which SQL statement deletes all rows from a table?
TRUNCATE
What type of key is used to uniquely identify rows in a table?
Primary key
Which SQL operator matches text against a pattern using wildcard characters %?
LIKE
What does the UPDATE statement do in SQL?
Modifies existing rows in a table
Which type of column is assigned incrementing values when new rows are inserted?
Auto-increment column
Which SQL keyword is used to enforce referential integrity?
REFERENCES
What type of functions process values from a set of rows and return summary values?
Aggregate functions
What clause in SQL orders rows by one or more columns?
ORDER BY
What is the purpose of the BETWEEN operator in SQL?
To determine if a value falls between two other values
What does the TRUNCATE statement do in SQL?
Deletes all rows from a table
What type of functions return the absolute value, convert to lowercase, and trim white spaces?
Character functions
Which SQL keyword is used to create rules governing allowable values in a database?
CONSTRAINTS
Which clause is used with the GROUP BY clause to filter group results?
HAVING
What is a temporary name assigned to a column or table using the AS keyword?
Alias
Which join selects only matching rows from the tables being joined?
INNER JOIN
What is used to process all rows that satisfy the WHERE clause condition in a SELECT statement?
Aggregate function
Which type of join compares columns with the = operator and is the most common type of join?
Equijoin
What is a stored view that must be refreshed when the base table changes?
Materialized view
What involves creating entities, relationships, and attributes, determining cardinality, and creating supertype and subtype entities?
Analysis
Which refers to relationship maxima and minima in an entity-relationship model?
Cardinality
What kind of entity is a subset of another entity type called the supertype entity?
Subtype entity
What type of join combines tables without comparing columns using a CROSS JOIN clause?
CROSS JOIN
What adds indexes and specifies table organization on storage media?
Physical design
What is a high-level representation of data requirements, including entities, relationships, and attributes?
Entity-relationship modeling
What is the responsibility of the transaction manager?
Preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and stepping the database back to a consistent state in case of failure
Which database is open-source and falls under NoSQL category?
MongoDB
What does the logical design phase do in the context of database design?
Converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns
What is the purpose of an API in the context of SQL?
Simplifies SQL implementation with general-purpose languages
What is a tuple in the context of databases?
An ordered collection of elements
How is SQL divided into sublanguages?
Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Query Language (DQL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Data Transaction Language (DTL)
What does data independence allow database administrators to do?
Optimize data storage without affecting query results
What does the CREATE TABLE statement do in SQL?
Builds a new table with specified columns and data types
What is the main purpose of the DROP TABLE statement in SQL?
Deletes an existing table and its contents
What does the ALTER TABLE statement do in SQL?
Modifies an existing table
What are common integer data types in SQL?
INT (4 bytes) and SMALLINT (2 bytes)
Database administrators are responsible for creating database applications
False
Database systems do not authorize individual users to access specific data
False
Query processors do not perform query optimization to ensure efficient instructions are executed on the data
False
The storage manager does not use indexes to quickly locate data in databases
False
Arithmetic operators include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulo, and exponentiation.
True
The TRUNCATE statement is similar to the DELETE statement without a WHERE clause.
True
The MERGE statement selects data from a source table and updates it in a target table.
False
Auto-increment columns are assigned decrementing values when new rows are inserted.
False
Constraints are rules governing allowable values in a database, enforced with SQL keywords in ALTER TABLE statements.
False
The LIKE operator matches text against a pattern using wildcard characters *.
False
Aggregate functions process values from a set of rows and return summary values, including COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUM, and AVG.
True
The BETWEEN operator determines if a value falls between two other values.
True
The ORDER BY clause orders rows by one or more columns, and ASC orders in ascending order.
False
Primary keys consist of one or more columns used to uniquely identify rows in a table.
True
The UPDATE statement modifies existing rows in a table using the SET clause and an optional WHERE clause.
True
Foreign keys reference primary keys of other tables, and the database enforces referential integrity.
True
Logical design converts ER models to database tables and keys
True
Crow's foot notation uses circles, lines, and three lines to represent cardinality
True
Intangible entities are not tracked with data in the database
False
Primary keys are stable, simple, meaningless, and unique identifiers
True
Functional dependence and redundancy are concepts in database design
True
A candidate key is a simple or composite column that is unique and minimal
True
Normalization eliminates redundancy by decomposing a table into smaller ones
True
Explore different table structures like heap, sorted, hash, and table clusters
True
Indexes help improve query performance by providing faster access to data
True
Bitmap indexes and hash indexes are types of indexes that use different methods to store data
True
Physical design specifies indexes, table structures, and partitions, affecting query performance
True
A storage engine translates query instructions into low-level commands to access data
True
Aggregate functions, such as COUNT and SUM, are used in a SELECT clause to process all rows that satisfy the WHERE clause condition
True
The HAVING clause is optional and is used with the GROUP BY clause to filter group results
True
A join is used in a SELECT statement to combine data from two tables based on common columns
True
Column names can be replaced with aliases for easier referencing
True
Join clauses determine how unmatched rows are handled, with INNER JOIN selecting only matching rows and FULL JOIN selecting all rows
False
An equijoin is a join that compares columns with the = operator and is the most common type of join
True
Self-joins join a table to itself, and cross-joins combine tables without comparing columns using a CROSS JOIN clause
True
An alias is a temporary name assigned to a column or table using the AS keyword
True
A materialized view is a stored view that must be refreshed when the base table changes
True
Entity-relationship modeling is a high-level representation of data requirements, including entities, relationships, and attributes
True
An entity can be a person, place, concept, or activity, and a relationship is a statement about entities
True
An attribute is a descriptive property of an entity, and types and instances are elements of their respective sets
True
An API is used to simplify SQL implementation with general-purpose languages.
True
The CREATE TABLE statement builds a new table with specified columns and data types.
True
In SQL, a table consists of a name, a fixed sequence of columns with unique names and data types, and a varying set of rows with unnamed tuples of values.
True
Physical design adds indexes and optimizes table storage.
True
The logical design phase converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns.
True
A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, while a cell is a single column of a single row.
True
SQL is divided into five sublanguages: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Query Language (DQL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Data Transaction Language (DTL).
True
Common integer data types in SQL include INT (4 bytes) and SMALLINT (2 bytes), with variations representing different sizes of integer values.
True
Data independence is a principle that allows database administrators to optimize data storage without affecting query results.
True
The ALTER TABLE statement modifies the structure of an existing table.
True
The transaction manager is responsible for preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and stepping the database back to a consistent state in case of failure.
True
MongoDB is an open-source NoSQL database, while SQL supports creating and manipulating tables with statements like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and CREATE TABLE.
True
Match the following database roles with their responsibilities:
Database administrator = Responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users Query processor = Interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data Storage manager = Translates the query processor instructions into low-level file-system commands that modify or retrieve data Transaction manager = Ensures transactions are properly executed
Match the following database authorization terms with their definitions:
Authorization = Database systems authorize individual users to access specific data Rules = Database systems ensure data is consistent with structural and business rules Indexes = Used by storage manager to quickly locate data Query optimization = Performed by the query processor to ensure efficient execution of instructions on the data
Match the following database sizes with their corresponding range:
Megabytes = Small to medium-sized databases Gigabytes = Medium-sized databases Terabytes = Large databases Petabytes = Very large databases
Match the following database integrity terms with their definitions:
Referential integrity = Enforces that foreign keys reference primary keys of other tables Data consistency = Ensures that data is synchronized when stored in different locations Entity integrity = Enforces that each row in a table is uniquely identified by its primary key Transaction isolation = Prevents conflicts between concurrent transactions and maintains consistency
Match the following database concepts with their definitions:
Tuple = An ordered collection of elements Data Independence = A principle that allows database administrators to optimize data storage without affecting query results Physical Design = Phase that specifies indexes, table structures, and partitions, affecting query performance Transaction Manager = Responsible for preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and stepping the database back to a consistent state in case of failure
Match the following SQL statements with their functions:
CREATE TABLE = Builds a new table with specified columns and data types ALTER TABLE = Modifies an existing table DROP TABLE = Deletes an existing table and its contents TRUNCATE = Similar to the DELETE statement without a WHERE clause
Match the following SQL data types with their sizes:
INT = 4 bytes SMALLINT = 2 bytes VARCHAR = Variable length up to a specified maximum size DECIMAL = Fixed precision and scale
Match the following SQL sublanguages with their functions:
DDL = Defines and modifies the structure of data DQL = Retrieves data from the database DML = Manipulates data in the database DCL = Deals with user access rights and permissions on data
Match the database concept with its description:
Logical design = Converts ER models to database tables and keys Candidate key = A simple or composite column that is unique and minimal Indexes = Help improve query performance by providing faster access to data Storage engine = Translates query instructions into low-level commands to access data
Match the database concept with its feature:
Primary keys = Stable, simple, meaningless, and unique identifiers Normalization = Eliminates redundancy by decomposing a table into smaller ones Bitmap indexes = Type of indexes that use different methods to store data Physical design = Specifies indexes, table structures, and partitions, affecting query performance
Match the database concept with its characteristic:
Crow's foot notation = Uses circles, lines, and three lines to represent cardinality Intangible entities = Not tracked with data in the database Functional dependence = A concept in database design Heap table structure = One of the different table structures to explore
Match the database concept with its function:
Redundancy = Eliminated by normalization Transaction manager = Ensures atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID properties) Explore different table structures = Like heap, sorted, hash, and table clusters Query optimization = Performed by query processors to ensure efficient instructions are executed on the data
Match the following SQL statements with their descriptions:
UPDATE = Modifies existing rows in a table using the SET clause and an optional WHERE clause DELETE = Deletes existing rows from a table with an optional WHERE clause TRUNCATE = Deletes all rows from a table and is similar to a DELETE statement without a WHERE clause MERGE = Selects data from a source table and inserts it to a target table
Match the following SQL concepts with their descriptions:
Primary keys = Consist of one or more columns used to uniquely identify rows in a table Auto-increment columns = Are assigned incrementing values when new rows are inserted Foreign keys = Reference primary keys of other tables, and the database enforces referential integrity Constraints = Are rules governing allowable values in a database, enforced with SQL keywords in CREATE TABLE statements
Match the following SQL operators/functions with their descriptions:
BETWEEN = Determines if a value falls between two other values LIKE = Matches text against a pattern using wildcard characters % ORDER BY = Orders rows by one or more columns, and DESC orders in descending order Aggregate functions = Process values from a set of rows and return summary values, including COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUM, and AVG
Match the following SQL data types with their descriptions:
INTEGER = A data type with distinct signed and unsigned ranges TINYINT = A data type with distinct signed and unsigned ranges SMALLINT = A data type with distinct signed and unsigned ranges MEDIUMINT = A data type with distinct signed and unsigned ranges
Match the following database concepts with their definitions:
Entity-relationship modeling = A high-level representation of data requirements, including entities, relationships, and attributes Self-join = Joining a table to itself Cardinality = Refers to relationship maxima and minima in an entity-relationship model Materialized view = A stored view that must be refreshed when the base table changes
Match the following join types with their descriptions:
Equijoin = Compares columns with the = operator and is the most common type of join Cross join = Combines tables without comparing columns using a CROSS JOIN clause Inner join = Selects only matching rows based on common columns Full join = Selects all rows from both tables, filling in unmatched rows with NULL values where the join condition is not met
Match the following SQL clauses with their functions:
SELECT clause = Processes all rows that satisfy the WHERE clause condition HAVING clause = Used with the GROUP BY clause to filter group results JOIN clause = Combines data from two tables based on common columns AS keyword = Assigns a temporary name to a column or table
Match the following database design phases with their actions:
Analysis = Involves discovering entities, relationships, and attributes, determining cardinality, distinguishing strong and weak entities, and creating supertype and subtype entities Logical design = Converts an entity-relationship model into tables, columns, and keys for a particular database system Physical design = Adds indexes and specifies table organization on storage media Normalization = Eliminates redundancy by decomposing a table into smaller ones
Study Notes
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The transaction manager is responsible for preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and stepping the database back to a consistent state in case of failure.
-
MongoDB is an open-source NoSQL database, while SQL supports creating and manipulating tables with statements like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and CREATE TABLE.
-
In SQL, a table consists of a name, a fixed sequence of columns with unique names and data types, and a varying set of rows with unnamed tuples of values.
-
The logical design phase converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns. Physical design adds indexes and optimizes table storage.
-
An API is used to simplify SQL implementation with general-purpose languages. MySQL Command-Line Client is a text-based interface for executing SQL statements.
-
A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, while a cell is a single column of a single row. Business rules are based on business policies and specific to a particular database.
-
SQL is divided into five sublanguages: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Query Language (DQL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Data Transaction Language (DTL).
-
Data independence is a principle that allows database administrators to optimize data storage without affecting query results.
-
The CREATE TABLE statement builds a new table with specified columns and data types, while the DROP TABLE statement deletes an existing table and its contents. The ALTER TABLE statement modifies an existing table.
-
Common integer data types in SQL include INT (4 bytes) and SMALLINT (2 bytes), with variations representing different sizes of integer values.
-
The transaction manager is responsible for preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and stepping the database back to a consistent state in case of failure.
-
MongoDB is an open-source NoSQL database, while SQL supports creating and manipulating tables with statements like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and CREATE TABLE.
-
In SQL, a table consists of a name, a fixed sequence of columns with unique names and data types, and a varying set of rows with unnamed tuples of values.
-
The logical design phase converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns. Physical design adds indexes and optimizes table storage.
-
An API is used to simplify SQL implementation with general-purpose languages. MySQL Command-Line Client is a text-based interface for executing SQL statements.
-
A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, while a cell is a single column of a single row. Business rules are based on business policies and specific to a particular database.
-
SQL is divided into five sublanguages: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Query Language (DQL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Data Transaction Language (DTL).
-
Data independence is a principle that allows database administrators to optimize data storage without affecting query results.
-
The CREATE TABLE statement builds a new table with specified columns and data types, while the DROP TABLE statement deletes an existing table and its contents. The ALTER TABLE statement modifies an existing table.
-
Common integer data types in SQL include INT (4 bytes) and SMALLINT (2 bytes), with variations representing different sizes of integer values.
-
Aggregate functions, such as COUNT and SUM, are used in a SELECT clause to process all rows that satisfy the WHERE clause condition
-
The HAVING clause is optional and is used with the GROUP BY clause to filter group results
-
A join is used in a SELECT statement to combine data from two tables based on common columns
-
Column names can be replaced with aliases for easier referencing
-
Join clauses determine how unmatched rows are handled, with INNER JOIN selecting only matching rows and FULL JOIN selecting all rows
-
An equijoin is a join that compares columns with the = operator and is the most common type of join
-
Self-joins join a table to itself, and cross-joins combine tables without comparing columns using a CROSS JOIN clause
-
An alias is a temporary name assigned to a column or table using the AS keyword
-
A materialized view is a stored view that must be refreshed when the base table changes
-
Entity-relationship modeling is a high-level representation of data requirements, including entities, relationships, and attributes
-
An entity can be a person, place, concept, or activity, and a relationship is a statement about entities
-
An attribute is a descriptive property of an entity, and types and instances are elements of their respective sets
-
Analysis develops an entity-relationship model, while logical design converts it into tables, columns, and keys for a particular database system
-
Physical design adds indexes and specifies table organization on storage media
-
Analysis involves discovering entities, relationships, and attributes, determining cardinality, distinguishing strong and weak entities, and creating supertype and subtype entities
-
Logical design involves implementing entities, relationships, and attributes
-
Cardinality refers to relationship maxima and minima, and a subtype entity is a subset of another entity type called the supertype entity.
-
Creating supertype and subtype entities is the last step in analysis.
Test your knowledge of numeric data types in MySQL with this quiz covering integer, tinyint, smallint, mediumint, and bigint data types, along with their storage requirements and range of values.
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