Number System and Binary Conversion

Computer Characteristics

• A computer characterized by its high storage capacity is a mainframe computer.

Program Definition

• A program is a set of instructions that a computer can execute.

Computer Generations

• First generation computers utilized vacuum tubes as a technology.

Control Unit Function

• The Control Unit (CU) retrieves and decodes instructions, generates control signals, and manages data flow in a computer.

Computer Components

• The two main components of a computer are the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Memory.

Storage Unit

• The Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD) is used to store programs and data permanently in a computer.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Function

• The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations in a computer's CPU.

Input Unit

• The Input Unit is used to feed data or programs into the computer.

Binary Number System

• The base of a binary number is 2.

Octal Number System

• The set of values that comprises a digit 0 to 7 is the octal number system.

Data Units

• The bit is the smallest unit of data.
• A group of 8 bits is known as a byte.

Programming Languages

• A high-level language is characterized by being user-friendly, machine independent, and readable.
• An assembly language is one in which programs are written using unconditional jumps/branches.
• A machine language involves data and instructions written in binary (0 or 1).
• A procedural language is one in which programs are divided into a set of modules known as functions.