32 Questions
What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?
Regulation of cell growth and multiplication
What is the function of DNA in the nucleus?
Controlling chemical changes within cells
What are the levels of DNA packaging from smallest to biggest?
Chromatin -> Nucleosome -> Histone -> DNA helix
What is the composition of a nucleotide in DNA?
A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base
What is the role of the phosphate group in DNA?
Provides stability to the DNA molecule
Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?
Uracil
How do nucleosides differ from nucleotides?
Nucleosides lack a phosphate group
What type of bond links adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand?
Phosphodiester bond
Which DNA groove is wider and deeper, providing sites for sequence-specific interactions with proteins?
Major groove
What process targets histones by removing acetyl groups, thereby tightening the interaction between histone and DNA?
Deacetylation
What is the role of proteins in a cell?
Building cell structures and enzymes
What is the significance of the triplet code in protein synthesis?
It codes for specific amino acids
How does the nucleus exert control over cellular activities?
Through regulating gene expression
What is the main function of chromosomes within a cell?
To package DNA into thread-like structures
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein
Why is it essential for mRNA to be transported to the cytosol after transcription?
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
What determines the type of proteins and enzymes formed in a cell?
Genetic material within the nucleus
What happens when each strand of DNA makes a new partner before cell division?
New DNA molecules are synthesized
Which process involves the translation of RNA into protein?
Translation
What is the primary function of triplets in the genetic code?
Coding for specific amino acids
Why is DNA considered the 'control room' of the cell?
It regulates gene expression and enzyme formation
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Decode mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins
What is the function of nucleosomes in DNA packaging?
To compact and organize DNA into a more condensed structure
Which component of a nucleotide in DNA is responsible for determining the genetic information encoded by DNA?
Nitrogen-containing base
What is the primary function of chromosomes in a cell?
Organizing and packaging DNA into discrete units
What is the role of histone deacetylation in Huntington's disease?
Loosens the interaction between histone and DNA
How do purines and pyrimidines differ in nucleic acids?
Purines have two heterocyclic rings, while pyrimidines have one
What is the significance of phosphodiester bonds in DNA?
They link adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand, providing structural integrity
What is the primary function of the central dogma?
Maintaining the genetic information flow
How does the process of transcription impact gene expression?
It regulates the production of mRNA from DNA
What is the significance of histones in DNA packaging?
Histones support the DNA structure within chromosomes
In which cellular location does translation primarily occur?
Cytosol
Learn how the nucleus controls the cell by containing genetic information, regulating cell metabolism, and encoding instructions for protein synthesis. Understand the role of the nucleus as the control center in eukaryotic cells.
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