Nucleus and Cell Control

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What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?

Regulation of cell growth and multiplication (correct)

Transport of molecules within the cell

Production of energy for the cell

Protection of the cell membrane

What is the function of DNA in the nucleus?

Directing blood circulation in the body

Regulating body temperature

Assisting in digestion processes

Controlling chemical changes within cells (correct)

What are the levels of DNA packaging from smallest to biggest?

DNA helix -> Histone -> Nucleosome -> Chromosomes

Chromatin -> Nucleosome -> Histone -> DNA helix (correct)

Nucleosome -> Chromatin -> DNA helix -> Histone

Histone -> DNA helix -> Nucleosome -> Chromatin

What is the composition of a nucleotide in DNA?

A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the phosphate group in DNA?

Provides stability to the DNA molecule (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Uracil (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do nucleosides differ from nucleotides?

Nucleosides lack a phosphate group (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond links adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Phosphodiester bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA groove is wider and deeper, providing sites for sequence-specific interactions with proteins?

Major groove (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process targets histones by removing acetyl groups, thereby tightening the interaction between histone and DNA?

Deacetylation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins in a cell?

Building cell structures and enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the triplet code in protein synthesis?

It codes for specific amino acids (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the nucleus exert control over cellular activities?

Through regulating gene expression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chromosomes within a cell?

To package DNA into thread-like structures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for mRNA to be transported to the cytosol after transcription?

To serve as a template for protein synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of proteins and enzymes formed in a cell?

Genetic material within the nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when each strand of DNA makes a new partner before cell division?

New DNA molecules are synthesized (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the translation of RNA into protein?

Translation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triplets in the genetic code?

Coding for specific amino acids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA considered the 'control room' of the cell?

It regulates gene expression and enzyme formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Decode mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleosomes in DNA packaging?

To compact and organize DNA into a more condensed structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a nucleotide in DNA is responsible for determining the genetic information encoded by DNA?

Nitrogen-containing base (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromosomes in a cell?

Organizing and packaging DNA into discrete units (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histone deacetylation in Huntington's disease?

Loosens the interaction between histone and DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do purines and pyrimidines differ in nucleic acids?

Purines have two heterocyclic rings, while pyrimidines have one (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of phosphodiester bonds in DNA?

They link adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand, providing structural integrity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central dogma?

Maintaining the genetic information flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of transcription impact gene expression?

It regulates the production of mRNA from DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of histones in DNA packaging?

Histones support the DNA structure within chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular location does translation primarily occur?

Cytosol (B) Signup and view all the answers