Nucleotide Metabolism

What is the primary function of ATP and GTP in cellular metabolism?

Which of the following is a role of cAMP and cGMP in cellular metabolism?

Which amino acid is a carbon and nitrogen donor in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides?

What is the consequence of defects in pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism?

What is the primary function of the enzyme Ribonucleotide Reductase?

What is the difference between the pyrimidine bases found in DNA and RNA?

What is the condition caused by the precipitation of sodium urate crystals in the joints?

What is the role of Allopurinol in the treatment of gout?

Which of the following is a component of the cofactors NAD+ and FAD?

What is the primary function of UDP-glucose and CDP-diacylglycerol?

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleotides have various roles in cellular metabolism, including:
- Precursors for DNA and RNA synthesis
- Carriers of chemical energy (e.g., ATP, GTP)
- Components of cofactors (NAD+, FAD, coenzyme A)
- Carriers of active intermediates (e.g., UDP-glucose, CDP-diacylglycerol)
- Cellular second messengers (e.g., cAMP, cGMP)
- Allosteric regulation of metabolic pathways

de novo Synthesis of Nucleotides

Purine nucleotide synthesis requires:
- Undisclosed substrates (not mentioned in the text)
Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis requires:
- Aspartate as a carbon and nitrogen donor
- Glutamine as a nitrogen donor
- CO2 as a carbon donor

Genetic Disorders of Nucleotide Metabolism

Defects in pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism can lead to clinical disorders
These disorders can present in various clinical situations, including:
- Anemia
- Neurological conditions

Purine Nucleotide Catabolism

Purine nucleotide catabolism involves:
- PNP (Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase)
- Allopurinol (a treatment for hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria)
Gout is caused by:
- Precipitation of sodium urate crystals in the joints
- Inflammation and pain
Gout is treated by:
- Allopurinol

Ribonucleotides and Deoxyribonucleotides

Ribonucleotides can be converted to deoxyribonucleotides via:
- Ribonucleotide Reductase

Base Pairs in DNA and RNA

Both DNA and RNA contain the same purine bases:
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
Both DNA and RNA contain the pyrimidine:
- Cytosine (C)
DNA and RNA differ in their second pyrimidine base:
- DNA contains thymine (T)
- RNA contains uracil (U)
Thymine (T) has a methyl group, whereas uracil (U) does not

Nucleotides play various roles in cellular metabolism, including DNA and RNA synthesis, energy carriers, cofactor components, and cellular second messengers. This quiz covers the different functions of nucleotides in metabolic pathways.