Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms Quiz

An organic compound containing a halogen atom bonded to an alkyl group.

Haloalkanes are generally more reactive than haloalkenes due to the presence of a carbon-halogen bond.

A reaction where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group on a molecule.

A type of nucleophilic substitution reaction characterized by a two-step process involving carbocation intermediate.

A type of nucleophilic substitution reaction that occurs in a single concerted step.

A reaction where an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.

More branching in haloalkanes leads to a lower boiling point due to reduced surface area for intermolecular forces.

Refers to substituents on adjacent carbons.

Refers to substituents on the same carbon.

A reaction where a nucleophile attacks a substrate, replacing a leaving group.

A nucleophilic substitution mechanism proceeding through a carbocation intermediate. Rate-determining step is unimolecular.

A nucleophilic substitution mechanism with a concerted reaction, where the nucleophile attacks and the leaving group leaves simultaneously.

How the solvent influences the rate and mechanism of a reaction.

The ease with which a leaving group departs from a molecule.

A measure of how readily a nucleophile attacks a substrate.

Solvent with a high dipole moment and capable of hydrogen bonding (e.g., water).

Solvent with a high dipole moment but cannot form hydrogen bonds (e.g., DMF).

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds.

A nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate-determining step involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

A nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate-determining step involves the simultaneous attack of the nucleophile and the departure of the leaving group.

Tertiary carbocations are more stable than secondary carbocations, which are more stable than primary carbocations due to hyperconjugation and inductive effects.

A solvent that can donate a proton (e.g., water, alcohols).

A solvent that cannot donate a proton (e.g., DMF, DMSO).

An electron-rich species that seeks to attack an electron-deficient center (electrophile).

An atom or group of atoms that departs from a molecule with a pair of electrons.

A reaction where an electron-deficient species (electrophile) attacks an aromatic ring, replacing a hydrogen atom.

A reaction where an electron-rich species (nucleophile) replaces a leaving group on an aromatic ring.

An alkyl group is introduced to an aromatic ring using an alkyl halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

More substituted carbocations are more stable due to delocalization of positive charge.

A reaction to create alkylbenzenes using alkyl halides and metal (sodium) in dry ether.

Aromatic systems have delocalized pi electrons that contribute to their stability.

A step-by-step description of how a reaction occurs at a molecular level.

Reactions where an atom or group replaces a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.

An aromatic reaction where an electrophile attacks the ring.

Aromatic reaction where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group.

Benzene rings with halogen substituents.

Aromatic compounds with a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring.

Aromatic compounds containing benzene rings as a part of their structure.

Step-by-step description of how a chemical reaction occurs.

Short-lived species formed during a reaction.

Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

A reaction where only one halogen atom substitutes a hydrogen atom in an alkane.

More than one halogen substitution is prevented by controlling high temperatures.

n-butane brominated yields a secondary bromobutane as the most common product.

More stable intermediates lead to faster formation of secondary radicals and higher yields.

1-Bromobutane cannot be created during a reaction of a hydrocarbon.

Fluorobenzene is made using free radicals due to fluoride's high affinity.

C-C bonds are stronger than C-N bonds, changing cyanide attack

Using Red Phosphorus and Bromine to create alkyl bromide.

Alkyl halides can be produced using Sodium alkoxide, Thionyl Chloride (SOCl2) and other reagents.

Pyridine can be a part of a reaction to produce alkyl X.

Fluorine-alkyl bond usually has a higher dipole moment compared to other halogen-alkyl bonds.

Fluorine-alkyl bonds tend to have higher bond enthalpies compared to other halogen-alkyl bonds.

Alkyl Halides are slightly soluble due to their nonpolar nature.

Boiling points are affected by the size and polarity of the halogen-alkyl bond.