Nucleic Acids and Genetic Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is an Okazaki fragment?

A fragment of newly replicated DNA on the leading strand of the DNA template

A fragment of RNA that adds nucleotides to the leading strand of the DNA template

A fragment of RNA that adds nucleotides to the lagging strand of the DNA template

A fragment of newly replicated DNA on the lagging strand of the DNA template (correct)

What is the complementary DNA strand for a gene with a code of TAG GGT ACC ACT

AUC CCT TGG AAT

AUC CCA UGG UGA

ATC CCA TGG TGA (correct)

AAG UTT CCG TTA

What is the code for the mRNA made from a gene with a DNA code of : TAG GGT ACC ACT

AAG UTT CCG TTA

AUC CCT TGG AAT

ATC CCA TGG TGA

AUC CCA UGG UGA (correct)

What is the purpose of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Corrects over winding of the uncoiling DNA strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of helicase?

Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks Signup and view all the answers

What is a gemetic mutation?

A mistake in the replication of a DNA molecule Signup and view all the answers

Tell me what the Law of Segregation means in gamete formation. Do not just restate the law, tell me what it means.

The law of segregation means that during the formation of sperm and egg cells the two alleles for a trait separate from each other. This makes sure that offspring inherit one allele from each parent. Signup and view all the answers

Tell me what the Law of Independent Assortment means in gamete formation. Do not just restate the law, tell me what it means.

The law of independent assortment means that different traits are passed on to gametes independently. The inheritance of one trait doesn't affect the inheritance of another trait. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pleiotropy?

One gene has many effects on the organism Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of polygenic inheritance?

Multiple genes collectively influence a single trait Signup and view all the answers

Which process does epistasis describe?

One gene completely masks the expression of another gene Signup and view all the answers

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What role does helicase play in DNA replication?

It unwinds the double helix structure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an Okazaki fragment?

A short segment of new DNA synthesized on the lagging strand Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

It alleviates torsional strain ahead of the replication fork Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of loci in polygenic traits?

Several loci contribute to a single phenotypic trait Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nucleic Acid Bases in DNA

Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine

Okazaki Fragments

Fragments of RNA that add nucleotides to the lagging strand of the DNA template.

Complementary DNA Strand

For TAG GGT ACC ACT, the complementary strand is ATC CCA TGG TGA.

mRNA Code

For TAG GGT ACC ACT DNA code, the mRNA code is AUC CCA UGG UGA.

Nucleic Acid Base Missing from DNA

Uracil.

Topoisomerase Function

Corrects overwinding of the uncoiling DNA strand during replication.

Helicase Function

Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks during DNA replication.

Genetic Mutation

A mistake in the replication of a DNA molecule.

Law of Segregation

During gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other, ensuring each offspring inherits one allele from each parent.

Law of Independent Assortment

Different traits are passed on to gametes independently. The inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another.

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Description

Test your knowledge on nucleic acid bases, DNA replication processes, and key genetic principles. This quiz covers important topics such as Okazaki fragments, complementary DNA strands, and basic laws of inheritance. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.