Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of bond links the nucleotide subunits in nucleic acids?
What type of bond links the nucleotide subunits in nucleic acids?
Which purine always pairs with thymine in base pairing?
Which purine always pairs with thymine in base pairing?
Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids?
Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids?
What is the final product of purine degradation in humans?
What is the final product of purine degradation in humans?
Signup and view all the answers
How many types of RNA are there according to the text?
How many types of RNA are there according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines the rules of base pairing in DNA?
What determines the rules of base pairing in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main classes of nucleic acids discussed in the text?
What are the two main classes of nucleic acids discussed in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?
What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of nucleic acid is the five-membered-ring sugar D-ribose found?
In which type of nucleic acid is the five-membered-ring sugar D-ribose found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of nucleic acids in determining inherited characteristics?
What is the role of nucleic acids in determining inherited characteristics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which chemical compounds are nucleic acids capable of being broken down to yield?
Which chemical compounds are nucleic acids capable of being broken down to yield?
Signup and view all the answers
How do nucleic acids contribute to the synthesis of proteins in cells?
How do nucleic acids contribute to the synthesis of proteins in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of linkage is formed between purines and pyrimidines with the furanose ring in DNA?
What type of linkage is formed between purines and pyrimidines with the furanose ring in DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct definition of a nucleoside?
What is the correct definition of a nucleoside?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a nucleotide?
What defines a nucleotide?
Signup and view all the answers
In RNA, what type of nucleotides are more precisely called ribonucleotides?
In RNA, what type of nucleotides are more precisely called ribonucleotides?
Signup and view all the answers
How many bases are found in DNA according to the text?
How many bases are found in DNA according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group reacts with an alcohol to form phosphomonoester, phosphodiester, and phosphotriester according to the text?
Which group reacts with an alcohol to form phosphomonoester, phosphodiester, and phosphotriester according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are composed of long strands of nucleotide subunits linked by phosphodiester bonds
- These linkages join the 3´-OH group of one nucleotide to the 5´-OH group of the next nucleotide
Base Pairing
- The rules of base pairing are: A with T: adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T)
- C with G: cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G)
Classes of Nucleic Acids
- There are two main classes of nucleic acids: DNA (one type, one purpose) and RNA (3 or 4 types, 3 or 4 purposes)
- RNA types:
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): the basis of structure and function of ribosomes
- Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries the message
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries the amino acids
Purines Catabolism
- Purine degradation refers to a regulated series of reactions by which human purines are converted to uric acid
- The purine bases guanine and hypoxanthine are converted to xanthine and then to urate (uric acid), which is excreted from the body
Nucleoside and Nucleotide
- A nucleoside is a compound containing a base bonded to D-ribose or to 2-deoxy-D-ribose
- A nucleotide is a nucleoside with either the 5´- or the 3´-OH group bonded in an ester linkage to phosphoric acid
- Nucleotides can exist as monophosphates, diphosphates, and triphosphates
Structure of Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that can be broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines)
- The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- DNA encodes an organism’s entire hereditary information and controls the growth and division of cells
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on nucleic acids, nucleotides, base pairing, and naming conventions of nucleosides. Learn about the composition and linkages of nucleic acids, as well as the rules of base pairing in DNA and RNA.
