Nucleic Acids Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond links the nucleotide subunits in nucleic acids?

  • Ionic bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Phosphodiester bond (correct)
  • Covalent bond

    • Which purine always pairs with thymine in base pairing?

  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
  • Hypoxanthine
  • Adenine (correct)

    • Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids?

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) (correct)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • Purine RNA (pRNA)

    • What is the final product of purine degradation in humans?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of RNA are there according to the text?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rules of base pairing in DNA?

    <p>Spatial arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classes of nucleic acids discussed in the text?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?

    <p>It controls the growth and division of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of nucleic acid is the five-membered-ring sugar D-ribose found?

    <p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nucleic acids in determining inherited characteristics?

    <p>Directing the process of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical compounds are nucleic acids capable of being broken down to yield?

    <p>Phosphoric acid, Sugars, Purines, Pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nucleic acids contribute to the synthesis of proteins in cells?

    <p>By transcribing genetic information stored in DNA into RNA for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkage is formed between purines and pyrimidines with the furanose ring in DNA?

    <p>N-glycosidic linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of a nucleoside?

    <p>Base + sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a nucleotide?

    <p>Sugar + phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA, what type of nucleotides are more precisely called ribonucleotides?

    <p>With D-ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bases are found in DNA according to the text?

    <p>Four: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group reacts with an alcohol to form phosphomonoester, phosphodiester, and phosphotriester according to the text?

    <p>-OH groups in acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are composed of long strands of nucleotide subunits linked by phosphodiester bonds
    • These linkages join the 3´-OH group of one nucleotide to the 5´-OH group of the next nucleotide

    Base Pairing

    • The rules of base pairing are: A with T: adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T)
    • C with G: cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G)

    Classes of Nucleic Acids

    • There are two main classes of nucleic acids: DNA (one type, one purpose) and RNA (3 or 4 types, 3 or 4 purposes)
    • RNA types:
      • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): the basis of structure and function of ribosomes
      • Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries the message
      • Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries the amino acids

    Purines Catabolism

    • Purine degradation refers to a regulated series of reactions by which human purines are converted to uric acid
    • The purine bases guanine and hypoxanthine are converted to xanthine and then to urate (uric acid), which is excreted from the body

    Nucleoside and Nucleotide

    • A nucleoside is a compound containing a base bonded to D-ribose or to 2-deoxy-D-ribose
    • A nucleotide is a nucleoside with either the 5´- or the 3´-OH group bonded in an ester linkage to phosphoric acid
    • Nucleotides can exist as monophosphates, diphosphates, and triphosphates

    Structure of Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that can be broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines)
    • The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
    • DNA encodes an organism’s entire hereditary information and controls the growth and division of cells

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on nucleic acids, nucleotides, base pairing, and naming conventions of nucleosides. Learn about the composition and linkages of nucleic acids, as well as the rules of base pairing in DNA and RNA.

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