Nucleic Acids Overview Quiz

The largest of the four major classes of biological macromolecules, composed of nucleotides and responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

The building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

One of the two types of nucleic acids, found in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, responsible for storing genetic information.

One of the two types of nucleic acids, found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.

The molecule found in DNA and RNA that contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

The five-carbon sugar found in DNA; lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon.

The five-carbon sugar found in RNA; has an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon.

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that determines the genetic code. Examples include adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

The process by which the genetic code in DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

The process by which the genetic code in messenger RNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This process is crucial for making proteins.

The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself, essential for cell division and growth.

A type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

A type of RNA that forms a major component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

A type of RNA that regulates gene expression by interfering with the expression of certain mRNA messages, often by inhibiting translation.

A type of DNA that is found in the nucleus of a cell and contains the coding sequences for proteins. These are the genes that are transcribed and translated.

A type of DNA that does not directly code for proteins. It can play regulatory roles in gene expression or have other functions.

A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.

The process of converting DNA into RNA, which involves copying the genetic information from DNA into RNA.

The process of converting RNA into a protein, which involves translating the genetic code in RNA into a sequence of amino acids that make up a protein.

A long chain of amino acids linked together in a specific sequence, forming a functional protein.

A specific type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching up with a particular codon on the mRNA molecule.

The process by which a copy of DNA is made. It is essential for cell division, as each daughter cell receives a copy of the DNA.

A process that regulates gene expression by interfering with the expression of certain mRNA messages, often by inhibiting translation.

The set of instructions that directs the development, functioning, and reproduction of an organism.

The theory that genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA and then to protein, with the protein ultimately determining a trait.

A change in the DNA sequence, which can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein and potentially alter the protein's function or a trait.

The process by which DNA is copied into RNA, which then moves to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

The process by which RNA is translated into protein. The genetic code in RNA is used to assemble amino acids into chains, creating a protein.

The structure of DNA, which consists of two strands of nucleotides wound around each other in a helix.