Week 8: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

  • To provide energy for metabolism
  • To catalyze protein synthesis
  • To store and transmit biological information (correct)
  • To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids

What is the function of messenger RNA?

  • To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids
  • To carry genetic information from genes to the ribosome (correct)
  • To catalyze protein synthesis
  • To provide energy for metabolism

What is a characteristic of nitrogenous bases?

  • They are derivatives of glucose
  • They absorb UV light around 400 nm
  • They are planar or almost planar structures (correct)
  • They are three-dimensional structures

What is the function of ribosomal RNA?

<p>To catalyze protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleotide composed of?

<p>A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA?

<p>To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide bases are found in both RNA and DNA?

<p>Adenine and guanine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ring structure of deoxyribose in DNA?

<p>β-D-2’-deoxyribofuranose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atom in purines forms a glycosidic bond with the sugar ring?

<p>N9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conformation of pyrimidines (C, T, and U) in nucleotides?

<p>Only anti conformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phosphate group bridge formed between in a nucleic acid?

<p>The 3'-hydroxyl group of one unit and the 5'-hydroxyl group of the following unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nucleic acids soluble in water?

<p>Due to the negative charge of the phosphate group and H-bond of sugar ring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pentose found in DNA?

<p>Deoxyribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond that connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid?

<p>Phosphodiester bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds hold the nucleotides together in DNA?

<p>Covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the sequence in a polypeptide?

<p>N terminus -&gt; C terminus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolysis of RNA under alkaline conditions?

<p>A mixture of 2'- and 3'-nucleoside monophosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of reading the DNA sequence?

<p>From 5' to 3' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the DNA double helix?

<p>20 Ã… (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

<p>Ribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following base pairs is incorrect?

<p>A-G (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bond that connects the nitrogenous base to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?

<p>Glycosidic bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups?

<p>Nucleotide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication?

<p>Two new DNA molecules with one parent and one daughter strand each (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a palindrome in DNA structure?

<p>A sequence with twofold symmetry over two strands of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of messenger RNA?

<p>To carry genetic message from nucleus to cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between monocistronic and polycistronic mRNA?

<p>Monocistronic mRNA codes for one protein, while polycistronic mRNA codes for multiple proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA splicing?

<p>To remove introns and join exons to form a continuous sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of native DNA structure?

<p>Two antiparallel chains in a right-handed double-helical arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between introns and exons?

<p>Introns are noncoding segments of mRNA, while exons are coding segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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