Week 8: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of DNA?

To provide energy for metabolism

To catalyze protein synthesis

To store and transmit biological information (correct)

To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids

What is the function of messenger RNA?

To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids

To carry genetic information from genes to the ribosome (correct)

To catalyze protein synthesis

To provide energy for metabolism

What is a characteristic of nitrogenous bases?

They are derivatives of glucose

They absorb UV light around 400 nm

They are planar or almost planar structures (correct)

They are three-dimensional structures

What is the function of ribosomal RNA?

To catalyze protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleotide composed of?

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA?

To translate genetic information into a sequence of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide bases are found in both RNA and DNA?

Adenine and guanine Signup and view all the answers

What is the ring structure of deoxyribose in DNA?

β-D-2’-deoxyribofuranose Signup and view all the answers

Which atom in purines forms a glycosidic bond with the sugar ring?

N9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the conformation of pyrimidines (C, T, and U) in nucleotides?

Only anti conformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the phosphate group bridge formed between in a nucleic acid?

The 3'-hydroxyl group of one unit and the 5'-hydroxyl group of the following unit Signup and view all the answers

Why are nucleic acids soluble in water?

Due to the negative charge of the phosphate group and H-bond of sugar ring Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pentose found in DNA?

Deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond that connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid?

Phosphodiester bond Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds hold the nucleotides together in DNA?

Covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the sequence in a polypeptide?

N terminus -> C terminus Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolysis of RNA under alkaline conditions?

A mixture of 2'- and 3'-nucleoside monophosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of reading the DNA sequence?

From 5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the DNA double helix?

20 Å Signup and view all the answers

What is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following base pairs is incorrect?

A-G Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bond that connects the nitrogenous base to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?

Glycosidic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication?

Two new DNA molecules with one parent and one daughter strand each Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a palindrome in DNA structure?

A sequence with twofold symmetry over two strands of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of messenger RNA?

To carry genetic message from nucleus to cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between monocistronic and polycistronic mRNA?

Monocistronic mRNA codes for one protein, while polycistronic mRNA codes for multiple proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA splicing?

To remove introns and join exons to form a continuous sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of native DNA structure?

Two antiparallel chains in a right-handed double-helical arrangement Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between introns and exons?

Introns are noncoding segments of mRNA, while exons are coding segments Signup and view all the answers