Nuclear Physics Basics

Protons and neutrons

Proton

Neutron

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<p>R = RoA^(1/3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The positively charged central core of an atom containing nearly all of its mass and positive charge.

The radius of an atom is approximately 10,000 times larger than the radius of the nucleus.

The particles within the nucleus of an atom are called nucleons.

Protons carry a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge.

Protons and neutrons collectively make up nucleons.

The branch of physics focusing on studying atomic nuclei.

In the symbol $_{Z}^{A}X$, Z represents the atomic number (number of protons) in an atom.

In the symbol $_{Z}^{A}X$, A represents the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons) in an atom.

The number of neutrons (N) in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number (Z) from the mass number (A).

The alpha particle is a positively charged particle with a mass similar to a helium atom.

Rutherford's experiments involving alpha particles scattering off metal foils proved the existence of atomic nuclei.

The empirical formula for nuclear radius is R = R₀A^(1/3), where R₀ is a constant and A is the mass number.

The mean radius of an atomic nucleus is approximately 10^-14 to 10^-15 meters.

The value of R₀ in the nuclear radius formula is 1.2 x 10^-15 meters, which is also known as 1.2 femtometers.

The size of the atom is significantly larger than the size of its nucleus, making the atom mostly empty space.

The empirical formula for nuclear radius is R = R₀A^(1/3), where R₀ is a constant and A is the mass number.

The mass of a proton is approximately 1.6725 x 10^-27 kilograms.

The mass of a neutron is approximately 1.6748 x 10^-27 kilograms.

The charge of a proton is +1.6 x 10^-19 Coulombs, the same magnitude but opposite sign as the charge of an electron.

The charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10^-19 Coulombs.

Atomic nuclei other than hydrogen-1 are composed of protons and neutrons.

The mass of an electron is approximately 9.1 x 10^-31 kilograms.

Electrons are negatively charged particles found orbiting the atom's nucleus.

Alpha particles were used to study the structure of the atom through scattering experiments.

The scattering pattern of the alpha particles revealed the existence of a dense, positively charged core within the atom, which is the nucleus.

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense, positively charged core of an atom.

The atomic nucleus is much smaller than the overall atom, contributing to the idea that the atom is primarily made up of empty space.

The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons.

Nuclear physics is the study of the atom's nucleus and the forces that hold it together.