NSTP 1 Reviewer: Physical Organization & Course Orientation

MODULE 1: Physical Organization & Course Orientation

• Objectives:
  • To give knowledge about the nature and history of NSTP
  • To explain the core values of the subject course
• NSTP History:
  • Established through Republic Act No. 9163 (2001)
  • Amended Republic Act No. 7077 (AFP Reservist Law) and Presidential Decree No. 1706 (National Service Law)
  • Guiding principle based on Article II of the 1987 Constitution
• NSTP Act of 2001:
  • Aims to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth
  • Develops ethics of service and patriotism
  • Components: Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Literacy Training Service (LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
• Components:
  • ROTC: provides military training for national defense preparedness
  • LTS: trains students to become teachers of literacy and numerical skills
  • CWTS: contributes to the general welfare and betterment of life for the community
• Who shall take the NSTP:
  • All incoming freshmen students in baccalaureate and technical-vocational or associate courses
  • Required to complete one NSTP component as a graduation requirement
• Implementation:
  • Started in school year 2002-2003
  • Each component is undertaken for two semesters with 3 units per semester
  • One-summer program in lieu of the two-semester program may be designed

A Primer on the NSTP Act of 2001

• What is NSTP:
  • A program enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth
  • Develops ethics of service and patriotism
• Components:
  • ROTC
  • LTS
  • CWTS
• Who shall take the NSTP:
  • Incoming freshmen students in baccalaureate and technical-vocational or associate courses
• Program Implementation:
  • Started in school year 2002-2003
  • Each component is undertaken for two semesters with 3 units per semester

Guidelines for the Establishment of the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)

• Background:
  • Section 11 of RA 9163 establishes the NSRC
  • Composed of graduates of non-ROTC components (CWTS and LTS)
  • Members may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities
• Mission:
  • To provide a trained and motivated manpower pool for civic welfare, literacy, and other similar endeavors
• Functions:
  • Assist in disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and rehabilitation programs
  • Serve as an auxiliary to the Disaster Coordinating Council (DCC) response units
  • Assist in the promotion of civic welfare activities
  • Assist in the implementation of literacy programs
  • Assist in socioeconomic development
  • Assist in environmental protection
  • Perform other similar endeavors
• Composition:
  • Graduates of CWTS and LTS components of the NSTP
• Organization:
  • Under the umbrella of the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
  • Parallel to the DCC structures at all levels

Objectives of NSTP

• To enable citizens to render their obligatory national service towards self-help and service to others
• To inculcate in the minds of the youth traditional and cultural Filipino values
• To enable citizens to contribute to the country's development and welfare
• To promote and develop civic consciousness and citizen's participation in national defense preparedness
• To motivate, train, and develop citizens with regards to their responsibilities as citizens

Core Values of NSTP

• Unity
• Patriotism
• Faith in God
• Respect for life
• Truth
• Justice
• Freedom
• Equality
• Peace
• Concern for Family
• Concern for the Environment
• Volunteerism

MODULE 2: VALUES AND ETHICS

• Objectives:
  • To know the definition of ethics and values
  • To determine the causes of unethical behavior and how to respond to it
• The Character of Values and Ethics:
  • Values are things that are important to or valued by someone
  • Values provide the basis for judgments about what is important for the organization to succeed
  • Values determine what is right and what is wrong
  • Ethics is the bedrock of mutual trust

MODULE 3: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

• What is the Constitution:
  • The body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are habitually exercised
• The Constitution of the Philippines:
  • A written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined
  • Distributes powers among the several departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise
• Who are Citizens of the Philippines:
  • Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the Constitution
  • Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines
  • Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
  • Those who are naturalized in accordance with law
• Duties and Obligations of Citizens:
  • To be loyal to the Republic
  • To defend the State
  • To contribute to the development and welfare of the State
  • To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
  • To cooperate with duly constituted authorities
  • To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others
  • To engage in gainful work
  • To register and vote

MODULE 4: HEALTH PROGRAM NUTRITION AND HYGIENE

• Nutrition:

  • The science that studies the process by which living organisms acquire the necessary things for them to live and grow
  • Focuses on the role of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and certain macromolecules

• Food Guide Pyramid:

  • Developed by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  • An excellent tool to help make healthy food choices
  • Suggests serving sizes to control the amount of calories, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sugar, or sodium in the diet

• Nutrition Facts:

  • Breads, grains, cereals, and pasta form the base of the Food Pyramid
  • Provide complex carbohydrates, which are an important source of energy
  • Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients and are low in fat and sodium
  • Suggests 3-5 servings of vegetables and 2-4 servings of fruit each day### Nutrition and Macronutrients

• A serving of fruit is: 1 medium apple, orange, or banana, ½ cup of chopped, cooked, or canned fruits, or ¾ cups of fruit juice.

• The Food Pyramid suggests 2-3 servings of protein from meat, fish, or poultry, with each serving being 2-3 ounces.

• One ounce of meat is equivalent to: 1 egg, 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, ½ cup of cooked dry beans, or 1/3 cup of nuts.

• Lean meats, fish, and dry beans are the lowest in fat and should be chosen often.

• Remove skin from poultry and trim visible fat from meat to avoid excess fat.

Macronutrients

• There are three energy macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

• Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

• Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

• Polysaccharides are more complex and take longer to break down, which is better for human health.

• Spikes in blood sugar levels are linked to heart and vascular diseases.

• Proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, and are composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

• Proteins are used to build and repair tissue, and need to be broken down for energy.

• When used as a fuel, protein needs to be broken down, and the nitrogen needs to be eliminated by the kidneys.

• Fats provide 9 kcal per gram, and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

• Fats are triglycerides, which are complex molecules composed of three fatty acid molecules combined with a molecule of glycerol.

Micronutrients

• Fiber is a macronutrient that does not provide energy, but is crucial for human nutrition.
• Water is a macronutrient that makes up about 70% of the non-fat mass of the human body.
• The exact water requirements vary from person to person, depending on factors such as body size, age, environmental temperatures, physical activity, and dietary habits.

Minerals

• Minerals are dietary elements that are needed by the human body, aside from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Minerals are often added to foods to prevent dietary deficiencies.
• Examples of minerals include:
  • Potassium: a systematic electrolyte, essential for co-regulating ATP with sodium.
  • Chloride: key for hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, and important for cellular pump functions.
  • Sodium: a systematic electrolyte, and essential for regulating ATP with potassium.
  • Calcium: important for muscle, heart, and digestive health, and builds bone.
  • Magnesium: processes ATP, and is required for good bones.
  • Phosphorus: a component of bones, and essential for energy processing.
  • Zinc: required by several enzymes, and important for immune function.
  • Iron: required for proteins and enzymes, especially hemoglobin.
  • Manganese: a cofactor in enzyme functions, and important for bone health.
  • Copper: a component of many redox enzymes, and important for the formation of blood cellular components.
  • Iodine: required for the biosynthesis of thyroxine, and important for thyroid function.
  • Selenium: a cofactor essential to the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Health Care Program

• 10 ways to stay healthy at home with your family:
  • Immunize
  • Keep moving
  • Eat right
  • Control stress
  • Be smoke-free
  • Avoid drugs and excessive alcohol
  • Pursue healthy pleasures
  • Think well of yourself
  • Promote peace
• 7 dimensions of wellness:
  • Physical wellness
  • Emotional wellness
  • Mental wellness
  • Social wellness
  • Environmental wellness
  • Occupational wellness
  • Spiritual wellness

HIV and AIDS

• HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
• The Philippines is one of the 7 countries in the world where new cases are rising.
• Most at-risk areas are Metro-Manila, Metro-Cebu, and Metro-Davao.
• Target populations include:
  • Most at-risk population: PIP, MSM, IDU
  • Vulnerable population: MARCY, clients of CSW, OFW and partners
• There are 4 body fluids that can transmit HIV: blood, semen, vaginal/cervical fluid, and breastmilk.
• HIV transmission risks include:
  • Sexual transmission of HIV
  • Infected blood and blood products
  • Mother to child transmission
• Impact of HIV and AIDS on individuals, families, and communities:
  • Psychosocial and emotional
  • Social exclusion, stigmatization, and isolation
  • Physical effects and health costs
  • Difficulty finding assistance and support
• ABCDE of prevention:
  • Abstinence
  • Be monogamous
  • Correct and consistent use of condoms
  • Do not inject drugs
  • Education and early detection
• Republic Act No. 8504: an act promoting policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.

Family Planning

• Family planning: having the number of children you want, when you want them.
• Methods of birth control:
  • Birth control pills
  • Condom
  • Withdrawal or pulling out
  • Intrauterine device (IUD)
  • Diaphragm
  • Injections
  • Sponge method
  • Breast feeding
  • Rhythm or calendar method
  • Mucus method

Health Program Vital Signs

• Vital signs: heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, and blood pressure.

• These signs are used to monitor an individual's level of physical functioning.

• Normal vital signs change with age, sex, weight, exercise tolerance, and condition.### Vital Signs

• Normal ranges for an average healthy adult:

  • Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
  • Breathing: 12-18 breaths per minute
  • Pulse: 60-80 beats per minute (at rest)
  • Temperature: 97.8°F (average 98.6°F) or 36.5-37.5°C

Pulse Rate

• Pulse rate chart:
  • Newborns to age 1: 100-160 beats per minute
  • Children ages 1-10: 60-140 beats per minute
  • Children ages 10+ and adults: 60-100 beats per minute
  • Well-conditioned athletes: 40-60 beats per minute
• Factors affecting pulse rate: age, gender, fitness level, and medical conditions
• How to calculate pulse rate: count beats for 10 seconds and multiply by 6

Respiration

• Normal respiration rate:
  • Newborns: 30-40 breaths per minute
  • Less than 1 year: 30-40 breaths per minute
  • 1-3 years: 23-35 breaths per minute
  • 3-6 years: 20-30 breaths per minute
  • 6-12 years: 18-26 breaths per minute
  • 12-17 years: 12-20 breaths per minute
  • Adults over 18: 12-20 breaths per minute
• Steps to measure respiration rate:
  1. Contact an emergency response team in case of a severe trauma or medical crisis
  2. Measure the individual's respiration rate while they are at rest
  3. Observe the rise and fall of the victim's chest and count the number of respirations out loud for one full minute
  4. Record the current time, respiration rate, and respiration characteristics
  5. Repeat the steps every 10 minutes in an emergency situation

Body Temperature

• What is body temperature?: a measure of the body's ability to generate and get rid of heat
• Where is body temperature measured?: mouth, ear, armpit, and rectum
• What is normal body temperature?: most people think of a "normal" body temperature as an oral temperature of 98.6°F
• Factors affecting body temperature: hormone levels, time of day, and physical activity

Blood Pressure

• What is blood pressure?: the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries
• Systolic and diastolic pressure: the highest pressure when the heart beats (systolic) and the lowest pressure when the heart is at rest (diastolic)
• Steps to take a blood pressure:
  1. Gather equipment (sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, pen, and paper)
  2. Identify and greet the patient
  3. Expose the arm on a flat surface with the arm facing upward
  4. Place the cuff around the upper part of the arm about 1 inch below the armpit
  5. Locate the brachial pulse with the middle and index fingers
  6. Place the earpieces of the stethoscope into the ears
  7. Inflate the cuff to 170-200 mmHg
  8. Loosen the valve to hear the systolic and diastolic readings
  9. Write down the readings
  10. Deflate the cuff and remove it from the patient's arm

Review the basics of NSTP, including its history, core values, and community involvement, as outlined in Republic Act No. 9163. This module covers the nature and origin of NSTP and its role in community service.