NSG2201 Nursing Care for Stroke Patients
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Questions and Answers

A stroke only affects one side of the brain.

False

What type of survey approach should be used for a comprehensive nursing assessment?

Systematic primary and secondary survey approach

The role of the registered nurse within the team includes __________ management strategies for stroke patients.

collaborative

Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:

<p>CT Scan = Visualizing brain structure and detecting strokes MRI = Detailed imaging for soft tissue evaluation Blood Tests = Identifying risk factors like clotting issues Ultrasound = Assessing blood flow and detecting blockages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of stroke?

<p>Sudden vision loss in one eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polypharmacy can complicate nursing care for stroke patients.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical analysis process mentioned in the objectives?

<p>Clinical reasoning cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The website __________ offers valuable resources for stroke education.

<p>informme.org.au</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when assessing a patient's deterioration?

<p>Recognizing clinical cues quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a modifiable risk factor for stroke?

<p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

More women die from strokes compared to men.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of strokes are ischemic?

<p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension is an example of a ________ risk factor for stroke.

<p>modifiable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>TIA = Transient episode of neurological dysfunction Ischemic Stroke = Caused by lack of blood flow to the brain Thrombotic = A type of ischemic stroke from a clot Embolic = A type of ischemic stroke from an embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups has a higher incidence of stroke?

<p>Indigenous Australian and Māori population</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is known as a 'mini stroke'.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to TIA symptoms?

<p>They typically last less than 1 hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The risk of stroke _______ each decade after age 55.

<p>doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for stroke?

<p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a stroke?

<p>Disrupted blood supply to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

A stroke is a common cause of long-term disability.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the medical emergency status of a stroke?

<p>Time criticality</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain requires a continuous blood supply of __________ to function properly.

<p>750–1000 mL/minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of stroke with its description:

<p>Ischaemia = Inadequate blood flow to part of the brain Haemorrhage = Bleeding into the brain Cerebral autoregulation = Regulation of cerebral blood flow Medial emergency = Immediate action required to prevent brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cardiac output is used for maintaining blood flow to the brain?

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stroke occurs equally in both men and women.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average time until cellular death occurs after interruption of blood flow to the brain?

<p>5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous Australians and ____________ are at a higher risk for stroke.

<p>Māori</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for stroke in individuals older than 70 years?

<p>Age-related vascular changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range is most commonly associated with the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

<p>20 to 50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in men than in women.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of multiple sclerosis?

<p>The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by __________ of nerve fibers.

<p>demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>MRI = A diagnostic test that provides images of the brain and spinal cord. CSF analysis = A test that examines the cerebrospinal fluid for abnormalities. Chronic inflammation = A prolonged inflammatory response associated with tissue damage. Demyelination = The loss of the myelin sheath around nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

<p>Physical and speech therapies may help manage symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a definitive diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gliosis in the context of multiple sclerosis?

<p>It refers to scarring in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis is higher in __________ climates.

<p>temperate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with multiple sclerosis?

<p>Excessive alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is known.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main symptomatic features of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parkinson's disease is more common in ________.

<p>men</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications of Parkinson's disease to their descriptions:

<p>Dysphagia = Can lead to malnutrition and aspiration General debilitation = Can cause pneumonia and skin breakdown Lack of mobility = Can lead to constipation and ankle oedema Orthostatic hypotension = Can increase the risk of falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is used to confirm a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease?

<p>History and clinical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bradykinesia refers to slowed movement.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the genes identified as being involved in Parkinson's disease.

<p>LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, or SNCA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parkinson's disease is typically diagnosed with the acronym ________.

<p>TRAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medication side effect of levodopa in the context of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred approach for medication in treating Parkinson's disease?

<p>Using only one medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Huntington's disease is characterized by a deficit in dopamine levels.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of care is provided for patients with Huntington's disease?

<p>Palliative care</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parkinson’s disease primarily affects the ________ neurons in the brain.

<p>dopaminergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their characteristics:

<p>Parkinson's Disease = Overactive cholinergic neurons Huntington's Disease = Excessive involuntary movement Multiple Sclerosis = Demyelination of nerve fibers Myasthenia Gravis = Muscle weakness due to neuromuscular junction failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Impaired verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combination therapy is often required as the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease progress.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary symptoms of Huntington's disease?

<p>Excessive involuntary movement, speech and swallowing difficulties, psychiatric symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with degenerative neurological conditions often face challenges such as impaired ________ mobility.

<p>physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication therapy approach is unsuitable for treating Parkinson's disease?

<p>Using only herbal remedies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  • Chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)
  • Characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers
  • Onset occurs between 20 and 50 years of age
  • Women are affected three times more often than men
  • Prevalence is higher in temperate climates
  • Cause is unknown, but is likely related to infectious, immunological, and genetic factors
  • There is no definitive diagnostic test for MS
  • Diagnosis is primarily based on history, signs, symptoms, and results of diagnostic tests including MRI of the brain and spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
  • Differential diagnoses need to be ruled out
  • Currently, there is no cure for MS
  • Collaborative care aims to treat the disease process and provide symptomatic relief
  • Medications are used to slow the progression of the disease
  • Physical and speech therapies, including exercise and hydrotherapy, are also recommended

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

  • Chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by:
    • Slowing down in the initiation and execution of movement (bradykinesia)
    • Increased muscle tone (rigidity)
    • Tremor at rest
    • Gait disturbance (shuffling and slowing)
  • Exact cause of PD is unknown, but identified genes are involved
  • Brain changes include reduced dopamine and Lewy bodies
  • Diagnosis increases with age; more common in men
  • Onset is gradual, with ongoing progression
  • Symptoms include: Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, Postural instability
  • Complications can arise from progressive deterioration:
    • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) leading to malnutrition and aspiration
    • Generalized debilitation increasing risk of pneumonia, UTIs, and skin breakdown
    • Lack of mobility causing constipation, ankle edema, and falls due to orthostatic hypotension
  • Apparent complications may be due to medication side effects, particularly levodopa
  • No specific tests for PD
  • Diagnosis is based solely on history and clinical features, including TRAP (tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability) and asymmetric onset
  • Confirmed by a positive response to antiparkinsonian medications
  • MRI and CT scans are used to rule out other causes
  • Antiparkinsonian medications either enhance release or supply of dopamine (dopaminergic), or antagonize or block effects of overactive cholinergic neurons in the striatum (anticholinergic)
  • Use of only one medication is preferable, as it leads to fewer side effects and easier dosage adjustments
  • Combination therapy is often required as the disease progresses
  • Surgical therapy is an option

Huntington's Disease

  • Genetically transmitted disorder
  • Onset occurs between 30-50 years of age
  • Affects the basal ganglia, resulting in excess dopamine
  • Symptoms include:
    • Excessive involuntary movement (limbs, facial muscles)
    • Speech and swallowing difficulties
    • Psychiatric symptoms
  • There is no cure for Huntington's Disease; care is palliative

Degenerative Neurological Conditions - Priority Care Problems

  • Impaired physical mobility
  • Self-care deficits
  • Activity intolerance
  • Impaired urinary elimination
  • Ineffective self-health management
  • Imbalanced nutrition
  • Impaired verbal communication
  • Impaired swallowing
  • Falls risk
  • Disturbed body image
  • Psychological and emotional disturbances

Example Table

Condition Aetiology and Pathophysiology Onset and Symptoms Diagnostics Interprofessional Management
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Unknown, likely infectious, immunological, genetic Gradual, variable depending on location of plaques History, symptoms, MRI, CSF analysis, ruling out differential Medications, therapies, supportive care
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Unknown, identified genes involved, reduced dopamine, Lewy bodies Gradual, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability History, symptoms, response to antiparkinsonian medications, ruling out other causes Medications, therapy, supportive care
Huntington's Disease Genetically transmitted, excess dopamine 30-50 years old, involuntary movements, speech and swallowing difficulty, psychiatric symptoms Family history, symptoms Supportive care

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Related Documents

NSG2201: Stroke - Week 8 1.0 PDF
Nursing Management: Degenerative Neurological Disorders PDF

Description

This quiz covers the key objectives and practices for nursing care related to stroke patients as outlined in the NSG2201 course. It includes questions on assessments, management strategies, diagnostic tests, and critical considerations for stroke care. Enhance your understanding of a registered nurse's role in stroke management.

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