NSG 4513 Adult Health: Gout and Arthritis

NSG 4513 Adult Health 3 Study Guide

• This document appears to be a study guide

Treatment of Gout

• For acute attacks: Colchicine, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids.
• Between attacks: Allopurinol or Febuxostat.
• Lifestyle changes, including diet changes, weight loss and medication adherence may be necessary

Rheumatic Medications

• DMARDs, Celebrex, Allopurinol, Hydroxyzine, Diphenhydramine, Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators, Adrenergic Agonists

Miscellaneous Concepts

• Delegation of responsibilities to the healthcare team are often necessary
• Practice priority assessments and proper care
• Patient privacy and confidentiality must be considered
• Math, Dosage Calculations, and IV Infusion Rates are key to a safe practice

Types of Arthritis

• Healthy finger joint
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Management/Lifestyle Modifications for Arthritis

• Goals are to decrease pain/stiffness and maintain or improve joint mobility.
• Non-pharmacologic interventions include: Exercise, Weight loss, Orthotic devices, Walking aids, and alternative health
• Pharmacologic intervention includes: NSAIDs, COX-2 Enzyme Blockers, Opioid, Corticosteroids, Topical Analgesia, Glucosamine, and Chondroitin
• Surgery is sometimes necessary

Gout

• Risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment

Gout - Risk Factors

• Increases with age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diuretic use.
• Evidence links the consumption of fructose-rich beverages.

Gout - Signs and Symptoms

• Acute gouty arthritis, tophi, and uric acid urinary calculi
• The joint in the big toe is a commonly affected joint
• Abrupt onset of pain at night, followed by redness, swelling, and pain at the affected site.

CREST Syndrome (Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis)

• Raynaud's Phenomenon: pathophysiology and patient education
• Patthophysiology is a form of intermittent arteriolar vasoconstriction that results in coldness, pain, and pallor of the fingertips or toes
• Patient education includes the following:
  • Handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injuring fingers
  • Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of medication that must be minimized.
  • Exposure to cold must be minimized, and wear layers of clothing.
  • Hats and gloves should be worn at all times
  • Patients should warm up vehicles before getting in
  • Avoid all forms of Nicotine
  • Practice stress management

Osteoarthritis

• Key differences between RA & OA, management, lifestyle modifications

Osteoarthritis vs Rheumatoid Arthritis

• RA causes joint inflammation and damage
• OA causes wear and tear on your joints

Scleroderma

• Also referred to as systemic sclerosis or CREST syndrome
• It is a compilation of autoimmune diseases affecting the connective tissue of the skin, blood vessel walls, and internal organs

Pathophysiology of Scleroderma

• Pathophysiology not fully understood, consists of an excessive accumulation of Collagen in the tissue.

Symptoms of Scleroderma

• Most common are S.S., Dry eyes, dry mouth.
• Eyes feel "gritty"

Scleroderma Complications (GOOGLE)

• Increased risk of oral and eye infections
• Abnormal liver or kidney function
• Lymphomas (cancerous tumors in the lymph nodes)
• Lung problems that may be mistaken for pneumonia
• Neurological problems causing weakness or numbness
• Vision problems, including light sensitivity and blurred vision
• Increased risk of developing Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Signs and Symptoms of Sclerderma

• Inflammatory response initially causes edema
• Skin undergoes fibrotic changes, eventually tissue degenerates, and becomes nonfunctional, dry, and scaly
• Starts insidiously with Raynaud’s phenomenon, then skin becomes hard and rigid
• Spreads Slowly; for years, the face may appear mask-like
• Changes in the body
• Pulmonary HTN, esophageal hardening, lung scarring, digestive disturbances, kidney failure
• Variety of symptoms
• Acronym CREST

Sjogren’s Syndrome

• Systemic autoimmune disease that affects the lacrimal and salivary glands of the body

Sjogren's Syndrome: Signs and Symptoms

• Can affect any system
• Cutaneous symptoms in 80-90% of patients
• Joint symptoms in more than 90% of patients
• The cardiac system is also commonly affected

Sjogren's Syndrome: Education/Nursing Interventions

• Provide instruction regarding fatigue and how to manage
• Identify self-care deficits and any body image disturbances
• Be prepared for psychological reactions to the disease or treatment
• Ensure patient understands the need for routine screening and health promotion activities
• Watch for S/S of infection d/t medications
• Osteoporosis Prevention
• Dietary recommendations
• Smoking cessation
• Avoid exposure to sun and ultraviolet light

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Nurse Management: Assess and provide assistance needed with pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, altered mood, and limited mobility. Monitor and manage complications

Medical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Goals of treatment in all stages are to decrease joint pain/swelling, achieve clinical remission, decrease the likelihood of joint deformity, and minimize disability.
• Early RA - DMARD therapy, NSAIDs, additional analgesia
• Moderate, Erosive RA- medications, PT and OT program
• Persistent, Erosive RA - reconstructive surgery, DMARDs & corticosteroids
• Advanced, Unremitting RA- Immunosuppressive drugs
• Additional treatment for all RA patients

Education for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

• The disease process
• Medication regimen
• Use of adaptive measures
• Self-management
• Coping

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

• Signs & symptoms, education, nursing interventions

Latex Allergies - Prevention and Precautions

• Cautioned to not blow latex balloons or be enclosed spaces where they are being used
• Nonlatex condoms are recommended
• Be instructed to carry auto-injectable epinephrine
• Wear medical identification
• Must become knowledgeable to items that have latex to prevent further reactions

Nursing Judgement - Latex Allergies

• Ask patient about latex allergy
• Every invasive procedure, must consider latex allergy
  • Operating rooms, ICU, ED and short procedure units
• S/S of allergic reaction, emergency treatment

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnosis, Signs/Symptoms, Treatment, Education, Self-Care

• Rheumatoid nodules
• Joint inflammation detected on palpation

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Laboratory Findings

• Rheumatoid factor antibody
• Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)
• ESR and C - reactive protein
• X-ray and/or Ultrasound
• Arthrocentesis

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Signs and Symptoms

• Initial - Joint pain, joint stiffness
• Progressive - pain, swelling, warmth, erythema, limited function
• Bone deformities
• Systemic symptoms

Analisi Matematica I - Ing. Edile-Architettura: Derivate Exercises

• Calculate derivatives of 12 functions: polynomial, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite functions.

Analisi Matematica I - Ing. Edile-Architettura: L'Hopital Rules Exercises

• Calculate limits using L'Hopital's Rule.

Analisi Matematica I - Ing. Edile-Architettura: Function Analysis Exercises

• Study/analyze 12 different types of functions including polynomial, rational, logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions.

Algorithmic Complexity Overview

• A measure of how much time (Time Complexity) and space (Space Complexity) is needed by an algorithm for an input of a given size

Algorithmic Complexity - Goal

• To measure the efficiency of an algorithm

Time Complexity

• Quantifies the amount of time taken by code to process input data.

Time Complexity - Asymptotic Analysis

• Describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends towards infinity.

Time Complexity - Big O Notation

• Represents the worst-case scenario, or upper bound of running time.

Common Time Complexities and Examples:

• O(1): Constant - Accessing array element by index.
• O(log n): Logarithmic - Binary search.
• O(n): Linear - Looping through an array.
• O(n log n): Log-linear - Merge sort, heap sort.
• O(n^2): Quadratic - Bubble sort, insertion sort.
• O(n^3): Cubic - Matrix multiplication.
• O(2^n): Exponential - Finding all subsets of a set.
• O(n!): Factorial - Finding all permutations of a string.

Space Complexity

• Quantifies the amount of space or memory taken by an algorithm to run as a function of the amount of input
• Includes space for all constants and variables, input Data, auxiliary space

Algorithmic Game Theory

• Game theory is a mathematical framework for analyzing strategic interactions between rational decision-makers.

Algorithmic Game Theory - Key Concepts

• Players: Individuals/entities involved in the interaction.
• Strategies: Possible actions or plans a player can choose.
• Payoffs: Outcomes/rewards a player receives based on strategy combinations.
• Rationality: Assumption that players maximize their own payoffs.
• Equilibrium: Stable state where no player deviates from their strategy.

Types of Games

• Cooperative vs. Non-cooperative: Based on coalition formation.
• Zero-Sum vs. Non-zero-Sum: Based on whether one player's gain is another's loss.
• Simultaneous vs. Sequential: Based on decision timing.
• Perfect vs. Imperfect Information: Based on knowledge of past actions.

Solution Concepts

• Nash Equilibrium: No player benefits from unilaterally changing strategy.
• Pareto Optimality: Impossible to improve any player's payoff without worsening another's.
• Dominant Strategy: Yields the highest payoff regardless of others' strategies.

Algorithmic Game Theory Definition

• Interdisciplinary field that combines game theory and computer science, focusing on computational aspects of game theory.

Algorithmic Game Theory Goals

• Designing efficient algorithms for game-theoretic solutions.
• Analyzing complexity of strategic behavior in games.
• Developing mechanisms/protocols for desirable outcomes in multi-agent systems.

Algorithmic Game Theory - Applications

• E-commerce/auctions, network routing, social networks, mechanism design, security.

Gene Expression Overview

• Genes specify proteins via the processes of transcription and translation.

Gene Expression Definition

• a process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, involving transcription and translation

Gene Expression - Early Evidence

• Archibald Garrod proposed genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific reactions

RNA

• RNA is chemically similar to DNA
• RNA is usually single-stranded.
• Transcription is synthesis of RNA using information in DNA.

RNA - Translation

• mRNA is translated in Ribosomes

Central Dogma

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Overview of Transciption and Translation

• In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus
• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur together in the cytoplasm

Genetic Code

• Triplet code: series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words
• These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids

Codons

• mRNA base triplets read in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Each codon specifies an amino acid.
• Code exhibits redundancy (multiple codons per amino acid) but no ambiguity (each codon specifies only one amino acid).

Overview of Transcription

• RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides
• RNA synthesis follows the same base-pairing rules as DNA, except that uracil substitutes for thymine

Transcription - Steps

• Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Transcription: Promoter

• The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches.
• Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription
• Completed assembly called a transcription initiation complex
• TATA box is a promoter crucial forming the initiation complex in eukaryotes

Elongation of RNA Strand

• RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, untwisting the double helix 10-20 bases at a time. Progresses at 40 nucleotides/second in eukaryotes, and can be done simultaneously by several RNA polymerases.

Termination of Transcription

• Bacteria: polymerase Stops transcription at end of terminator and mRNA can be translated with no further modification required.
• Eukaryotes: RNA polymerase II transcribes the polyadenylation signal sequence; the RNA transcript is released 25 nucleotides downstream from this sequence.

Eukaryotic RNA Modification

• mRNA is modified before entering the cytoplasm.

Eukaryotic RNA Modification - Process

• RNA processing: Enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre-mRNA (RNA processing) before the genetic messages are dispatched to the cytoplasm
• During RNA processing, both ends of the primary transcript are usually altered
• Addition of a 5’ cap and poly-A tail
• 5’ end receives a modified guanine)
• 3’ end gets a poly-A tail

Eukaryotic RNA Modification - Functions

• Facilitate the export of mRNA
• Protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes
• Help ribosomes attach to the 5’ end

RNA Splicing Definition

• Removal of introns and joining of exons
• Done by Spliceosomes

Ribozymes

• RNA molecules that function as enzymes
• Discovery of ribozymes rendered absolete that all biological catalyses are proteins

RNA Alternative Splicing

• One gene can encode more than one kind of polypeptide
• Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript.

Overview of Translation

• RNA-directed synthesis of a Polypeptide

Translation - Components

• Consists of Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosomes, mRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• A tRNA molecule consists of a single RNA strand that is about 80 nucleotides long
• tRNA is used repeatedly
• tRNA molecules aren’t all identical

Ribosomes

• Ribosome facilitates specific coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons in protein synthesis
• Subunits made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA( and proteins
• Has 3 binding sides for tRNA: P, A, and E

Building a Polypeptide - Steps:

• Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

Steps of Building a Polypeptide: Initiation

• Small subunit binds with mRNA and a special initiator tRNA
• Then small subunit moves along the mRNA until it reaches the start codon (AUG)
• Proteins called initiation factors bring in the large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex

Steps of Building a Polypeptide: Elongation

• Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain
• Each addition involves proteins called elongation factors and occurs in three steps:
  • Codon recognition
  • Peptide bond formation
  • Translocation

Steps of Building a Polypeptide: Termination

• Termination occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA reaches the A site of the ribosome
• The A site accepts a protein called a release factor. Causes addition of H2O instead of an AA - releasing the Polypeptide
• Then, translation assembly falls apart

Polyribosomes

• Polyribosome a number of ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecules simultaneously
• Allows a cell to make many copies of a polypeptide very quickly

protein Folding

• Polypeptide chains are modified or targeted to specific sites in the cell. During and after synthesis, polypeptide chain spontaneously coil and fold into three-dimensional shape

Free vs Bound Ribosomes

• Free ribosomes mostly synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol
• Bound ribosomes make proteins from the endomembrane system and secreted proteins.

Protein Targeting and Signaling

• Polypeptide synthesis always begins in the cytosol
• Signal peptide marks polypeptides destined for the ER or secretion via the SRT

Mutations

• Mutations of one or a few Nucleotides can affect protein structure and function

Mutations - Point Mutation

• Changes in just one base pair of a scene
• Lead to Base-pair substitutions or Base-pair insertions/deletions

Mutations -Substitution

• Silent mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code
• Missense mutations still code for an amino acid, but not the correct amino acid
• Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon into a stop codon, resulting in a prematurely terminated protein

Mutations - Insertions and Deletions

• Insertions and deletions are additions or losses of nucleotide pairs in a gene
• Frameshift mutation: Insertion or deletion of nucleotides may alter the reading frame, producing a frameshift mutation

Mutations - Mutagens

• Mutations can occur during DNA replication, DNA repair, or DNA recombination
• Mutagens are physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations

Planck's Constant

• Planck's constant symbol is $h$
• Planck's constant value $h$ is 6.626 070 15 × $10^{-34}$ J s
• Planck's constant value $h$ is 6.626 070 15 × $10^{-27}$ erg s
• Planck's constant value $h$ is 4.135 667 696 × $10^{-15}$ eV
• Reduced planck's constant symbol $\hbar$
• Reduced planck's constant value $\hbar$ is 1.054 571 817 × $10^{-34}$ J s
• Reduced planck's constant value $\hbar$ is 1.054 571 817 × $10^{-27}$ erg s
• Reduced planck's constant value $\hbar$ is 6.582 119 569 × $10^{-16}$ eV s
• Planck constant divided by speed of light value h/c is 2.210 219 107 × $10^{-42}$ kg m
• Planck constant divided by elementary charge value h/e is 4.135 667 696 × $10^{-15}$ J s C$^{-1}$
• h/me is 8.093 348 948 × $10^{-4}$ m$^{2}$ s$^{-1}$
• Values are based on the CODATA 2018 adjustment.
• Numerical value of h is exact since the kilogram is defined in term of h

Project Risk

• An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives

Project Risk Management Definition

• Includes the processes concerned with conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, response implementation, and monitoring risk on a project.

Project Risk Management Goal

• Objectives of project risk management are to increase the probability and impact of positive events and decrease the probability and impact of negative events in the project.

Plan Risk Management

• Process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project.

Plan Risk Management - Goal

• Ensure the type and visibility of risk management is appropriate importance of project

Plan Risk Management - Inputs

• Project Charter
• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Enterprise Environmental Factors
• Organizational Process Assets

Tools & Techniques of Plan Risk Management

• Expert Judgement
• Data Analysis
• Meetings

Outputs of Plan Risk Management

• Risk Management Plan

Identify Risks

• The process of identifying individual project risks as well as sources of overall project risk, and documenting their characteristics.

Identify Risks - Inputs

• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Agreements
• Procurement Documentation
• Enterprise Environmental Factors
• Organizational Process Assets

Identify Risks - Tools & Techniques

• Documentation Reviews
• Information Gathering Techniques
• Checklist Analysis
• Assumption Analysis
• Diagramming Techniques
• SWOT Analysis
• Expert Judgement

Identify Risks - Outputs

• Risk Register
• Risk Report
• Project Documents Updates

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

• The process of prioritizing individual project risks for further analysis or action by assessing their probability of occurrence and impact as well as other characteristics.

Perform Qualitative Analysis - Inputs

• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Enterprise Environmental Actos
• Organizational Process Assets

Perform Qualitative Analysis - Tools & Techniques

• Expert Judgement
• Data Gathering
• Interpersonal and Team Skills
• Risk Categorization
• Data Analysis
• Meetings

Perform Qualitative Analysis - Outputs

• Risk Register Updates

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

• The process of numerically analyzing the combined effect of identified individual project risks and other sources of uncertainty on overall project objectives.

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis - Inputs

• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Enterprise Environmental Factors
• Organizational Process Assets

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis - Tools & Techniques

• Expert Judgement
• Data Gathering
• Interpersonal and Team Skills
• Risk Representations
• Data Analysis
• Modeling and Simulation

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis - Outputs

• Risk Register Updates

Plan Risk Responses

• Process of developing options, selecting strategies, and agreeing on actions to address overall project risk exposure and to treat individual risks

Plan Risk Responses - Inputs

• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Enterprise Environmental Factors
• Organizational Process Assets

Plan Risk Responses - Tools & Techniques

• Expert Judgement
• Data Gathering
• Interpersonal and Team Skills
• Strategies for Threats
• Strategies for Opportunities
• Contingent Response Strategies
• Data Analysis
• Decision Making

Plan Risk Responses - Outputs

• Project Management Plan Updates
• Project Documents Updates

Implement Risk Responses

• Process of implementing agreed upon risk response plans

Implement Risk Responses - Inputs

• Project Management Plan
• Project Documents
• Organizational Process Assets

Implement Risk Responses - Tools & Techniques

• Expert Judgement
• Interpersonal and Team Skills
• Resource Management

Implement Risk Responses - Outputs

• Project Management Plan Updates
• Project Documents Updates
• Change Requests

Monitor Risks

• Process of monitoring the implementation of agreed upon Risk response plans monitoring new risks and effectiveness for Risks

Monitor Risks - Inputs

• Project management Plans
• Project Documents
• Work Performance data

Monitor Risks - Tools & Techniques

• Data Analysis
• Audits
• Meetings

Monitor Risks - Outputs

• Work Performance Information
• Change Requests
• Project Management Plan Updates
• Project Documents Updates

Chemistry 101 Measurements - Sig Figs

All non-zero digits are significant.

• Zeros between non-zero digits are significant. Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal point are significant. Leading zeros are not significant.

Chemistry 101 - Calculations with Sig Figs

• Multiplying/Dividing: Result has the same number of sig figs as the number with the fewest sig figs.
• Adding/Subtracting: Result has the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places.

Chemistry 101 - Unit Conversions

Use conversion factors to change from one unit to another.

States of Matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma

Chemistry 101 - Mixtures

• Homogeneous: Uniform throughout (e.g., salt water).
• Heterogeneous: Not uniform throughout (e.g., salad).

Chemistry 101 - Separations Techniques

• Filtration: Separate a solids from liquids.
• Distillation: Separates liquids based on boiling point.
• Chromatography: Separates substances based on different interactions with a stationary phase.

Chemistry 101 - Atomic Structure

• Elements are made of Atoms
• Atoms of the same element are identical

Chemistry 101 - Subatomic Particles

• Protons: positive charge.
• Neutrons: No Charge.
• Electrons: negative charge.

Chemistry 101 - Atomic Number and Mass Number

• Atomic Number (Z): number of protons.
• Mass Number (A): number protons + neutrons.

Chemistry 101 - Isotopes

• atoms of the same elements w/ different numbers of neutrons

Chemistry 101 - Ions

• Cation positive charge.
• Anion negative charge.

Chemistry 101 - Organization of Periodic Table

• Organized by increasing Atomic Number
• Groups (Columns): Elements w/ similar chemical properties
• Periods (Rows): Elements with the same number of electron shells.

Chemistry 101 - Important Groups

• Group 1: Alkali Metals
• Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group 17: Halogens
• Group 18: Noble Gases

Chemistry 101 - Trends

• Atomic Size - Increases down a group, decreases across a period
• Ionization Energy - Decreases down a group, increases across a period
• Electronegativity - Decreases down a group, increases across a period

Chemistry 101 - Types of Chemical Bonds

• Ionic Bond - Transfer of electrons between a metal and nonmetal
• Covalent Bond - Sharing of electrons b/w 2 nonmetals.
  • Polar Covalent Bond - Unequal sharing of electrons w/in a metal
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bond - Equal sharing of electrons within a metal
• Metallic Bond is the sharing of electrons w/in a metal.
  • Metallic Bond

Lewis Structures

Chemistry 101 - VSEPR Theory

Predicts the shapes of molecules based on the repulsion of electron pairs

Chemistry 101 - Balancing Chemical Equations

• Make sure atoms of each element are the same on both slides of equation

Chemistry 101 - Types of Chemical Reactions

• Combination (Two or more reactants form one product)
• Decomposition (1 reactant = 2+ Products)
• Single Replacement (One element replaces another in a compound)
• Double Replacement (Two Compounds exchange ions
• Combustion Reaction (Reacts with oxygen that produces heat)

Chemistry 101 - Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry - Use balanced equations to calculate amounts of reactants/products in a reaction

Chemistry 101 - Limiting Reactant

• The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction.

Chemistry 101 - Percent Yield

• Percent Yield = (Actual Yield /Theoretical Yield) * 100%

Chemistry 101 - Gas Laws

• Boyle - P1V1 = P2V2
• Charles (V1/T1 = V2/T2)
• Avogadro (V1/n1 = V2N2)
• Ideal V=nRT or RT=PV, R is ideal gas constant

Chemistry 101 - Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

• The total pressure is the sum of the pressure
• P total is = to P1+P2+ .....

Chemistry 101 - Solutions and Molarity

Solutions - Measure Molarity as M = moles / liters

Chemistry 101 - Solutions and Dilution

• Dilution follows the formula M1 V1 = M2 V2

Chemistry 101 - Acids & Bases Definitions

• Arrhenius Acid - H+ Ions
• Arrhenius Bases - OH- Ions
• Bronsted-Lowry Acid H Donates +
• Bronsted-Lowry Bases H Accepts +

Chemistry 101 - PH Scale

• Measure acidity or
• PH is -Log H+
• Poh - Log Base
• PH + POH =14

Chemistry 101 - Acid bases

• Strong Acids Bases - completely disassociate

Chemistry 101 - Neutralization Review

• Acid + Base turns to Salts + H2o

Study guide for Adult Health 3 (NSG 4513) covering gout and arthritis. Topics include acute and interval treatments for gout, medications for rheumatic conditions, patient care considerations, and lifestyle modifications for managing arthritis.