Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is needed for sustainable development in Nigeria?
What is needed for sustainable development in Nigeria?
Which of the following is included in the biological environment?
Which of the following is included in the biological environment?
What negative practice can most harm the biological environment?
What negative practice can most harm the biological environment?
How does the socio-cultural environment influence conservation practices?
How does the socio-cultural environment influence conservation practices?
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Which of the following is an example of an environmental hazard in Nigeria?
Which of the following is an example of an environmental hazard in Nigeria?
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What factor contributes significantly to negative human impact on the environment in Nigeria?
What factor contributes significantly to negative human impact on the environment in Nigeria?
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Which agricultural practice can adversely affect the environment?
Which agricultural practice can adversely affect the environment?
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What is a major consequence of haphazard industrialization?
What is a major consequence of haphazard industrialization?
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Which type of hazard is most complex and numerous?
Which type of hazard is most complex and numerous?
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Which of the following is considered a biological hazard?
Which of the following is considered a biological hazard?
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What makes socio-cultural hazards difficult to measure?
What makes socio-cultural hazards difficult to measure?
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Which of the following is an example of a chemical hazard?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical hazard?
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Which example corresponds to a physical hazard?
Which example corresponds to a physical hazard?
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What type of hazard involves factors like occupation and lifestyle?
What type of hazard involves factors like occupation and lifestyle?
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Which of the following best represents a biological hazard related to vectors?
Which of the following best represents a biological hazard related to vectors?
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What is an example of a socio-cultural hazard?
What is an example of a socio-cultural hazard?
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What type of services does secondary health care provide?
What type of services does secondary health care provide?
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What is an indicator commonly used to estimate health status in relation to environmental quality?
What is an indicator commonly used to estimate health status in relation to environmental quality?
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Which health care level provides highly specialized services through university teaching hospitals?
Which health care level provides highly specialized services through university teaching hospitals?
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Which of the following is an example of a socioeconomic indicator of health?
Which of the following is an example of a socioeconomic indicator of health?
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At which levels of the state is secondary health care available?
At which levels of the state is secondary health care available?
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What affects the values of health indicators like infant mortality and life expectancy?
What affects the values of health indicators like infant mortality and life expectancy?
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What is a common indicator of environmental degradation?
What is a common indicator of environmental degradation?
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What role does community mobilization play in health care policies?
What role does community mobilization play in health care policies?
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What is a significant environmental medium through which people can be exposed to health hazards?
What is a significant environmental medium through which people can be exposed to health hazards?
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Which of the following best defines air pollution?
Which of the following best defines air pollution?
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What is necessary for water to be considered potable?
What is necessary for water to be considered potable?
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What can contribute to air pollution aside from human activities?
What can contribute to air pollution aside from human activities?
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Which of the following describes hypoxia?
Which of the following describes hypoxia?
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What happens when water is polluted?
What happens when water is polluted?
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In which regions of Nigeria is water quality described as being notably good?
In which regions of Nigeria is water quality described as being notably good?
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What is a result of air pollution on human health?
What is a result of air pollution on human health?
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Which bacterium is associated with food poisoning from milk and dairy products?
Which bacterium is associated with food poisoning from milk and dairy products?
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What is a viral infection that can contaminate seafood?
What is a viral infection that can contaminate seafood?
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Which of the following is not a cause of food poisoning from seafood?
Which of the following is not a cause of food poisoning from seafood?
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Which parasitic infection is typically transmitted through food?
Which parasitic infection is typically transmitted through food?
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What type of foodborne illness is salmonellosis?
What type of foodborne illness is salmonellosis?
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Which of the following is associated with contamination from shellfish?
Which of the following is associated with contamination from shellfish?
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Which bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning related to seafood?
Which bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning related to seafood?
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What illness is characterized by symptoms from contaminated food and is caused by a virus?
What illness is characterized by symptoms from contaminated food and is caused by a virus?
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What is one of the personal preventive measures for Onchocerciasis?
What is one of the personal preventive measures for Onchocerciasis?
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Which of the following is a community preventive measure for Onchocerciasis?
Which of the following is a community preventive measure for Onchocerciasis?
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What type of diseases do programs like the National Malaria Control Programme specifically target?
What type of diseases do programs like the National Malaria Control Programme specifically target?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a method of control for Onchocerciasis?
Which of the following does NOT represent a method of control for Onchocerciasis?
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What is mectizan (Ivermectin) used for in relation to Onchocerciasis?
What is mectizan (Ivermectin) used for in relation to Onchocerciasis?
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What is a common target of the Nigerian Guinea worm Eradication programme?
What is a common target of the Nigerian Guinea worm Eradication programme?
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Which of the following diseases is included in the mentioned control programs?
Which of the following diseases is included in the mentioned control programs?
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What is an important action in community education regarding Onchocerciasis?
What is an important action in community education regarding Onchocerciasis?
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Study Notes
Environmental Health Lecture Notes
- This booklet is an extraction from a 1995 Nigerian Conservation Foundation textbook on environment and health.
- The book was compiled by Olaniran N.S., Akpan E.A., Ikpeme E.E., and Udoffa G.A.
- It's an encyclopedia on environment and health in developing nations.
- It analyzes how African environments impact health and discusses ways to improve environmental health.
- The booklet is a summary of the syllabus for the NSG 309 Environmental Health course at LAUTECH Ogbomoso (2013).
- It's not for sale and is intended for student use only.
- Students should consult the original book for more information.
Introduction
- Human environment is closely linked with quality of life and health status.
- Developing nations like those in sub-Saharan Africa lack sufficient environmental conservation awareness.
Environment
- Environment is defined as the immediate surrounding conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting an organism or group of organisms.
- It includes land, water, air, and other natural and manmade structures.
- The physical environment includes air, water, land.
- The biological environment encompasses living organisms (plants, animals, humans, microorganisms).
- The socio-cultural environment impacts human behavior, beliefs, and practices, often significantly influencing environmental health.
Nature and Types of Environment
- Environment can be physical, biological, or socio-cultural
- Physical environment comprises non-living components (air, water, land).
- Biological environment includes all living things (man, animals, plants).
- Socio-cultural environment includes human behaviour, beliefs, and values.
National Policy on the Environment
- FEPA (1989) published a national policy on the environment.
- The policy aims for sustainable development by ensuring proper environmental management.
- Specific goals related to conservation, biodiversity, and the needs of future generations.
- Strategies for achieving the objectives (protection and enhancement of human health, planning and management of land use, water resources, and environmental management).
Health
- Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
- Health status can be indicated through various indicators (e.g., crude birth rate, infant mortality rate).
- This varies amongst countries, with developed nations generally having better indicators than developing nations like Nigeria.
Environmental Health Hazards
- A hazard is a substance, object, equipment, agent, or behaviour that could cause injury, disease, disability, or death.
- Hazards exist in physical, biological, chemical, and socio-cultural environments.
- Categorisation of hazards into different types (physical, biological, chemical, and sociocultural/psychosocial).
- Specific examples of hazards are presented (noise, dust, certain types of radiation, pathogens, chemicals, socio-cultural behaviours, and so on).
Environmental Media
- Environmental media are the pathways through which hazards can directly or indirectly cause negative health outcomes.
- These media include air, water, food, soil, and direct contact.
Water Pollution and Health
- Water pollution exists when hazardous substances reach excessive levels, making it unsuitable for consumption and use.
- Water quality is vital for health and impacts human activities. Some specific examples were given.
- Quantity and quality of water directly impacts human health.
Food Quality and Health
- Food quality, including hygiene, is essential for health.
- Food contamination can result from water and air contamination, microbial contamination, or food preparation practices.
- A table of food-borne diseases exists in the document.
Prevention and Control of Environmental Diseases
- Prevention and control of diseases are necessary to address the effects of environment on human health.
- There are some specific approaches and programs detailed for preventing environmental diseases.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the NSG 309 Environmental Health course at LAUTECH Ogbomoso. It emphasizes the relationship between environment and health in developing nations, drawing on insights from a 1995 textbook by notable authors. Dive into the environmental challenges and health implications faced by sub-Saharan Africa.