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A teacher gives stickers to students for good behavior, and after a few days, the students become more disciplined. This is an example of what type of learning?
A teacher gives stickers to students for good behavior, and after a few days, the students become more disciplined. This is an example of what type of learning?
- Imprinting
- Habituation
- Operant conditioning (correct)
- Classical conditioning
- Insight learning
The following table shows allele frequencies for insect body color. What conclusion can you draw from the data?
Year
Frequency of allele M
Frequency of allele m
1920
0.71
0.17
1940
0.30
0.61
1960
0.11
0.85
1980
0.02
0.95
The following table shows allele frequencies for insect body color. What conclusion can you draw from the data?
| Year | Frequency of allele M | Frequency of allele m |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 0.71 | 0.17 |
| 1940 | 0.30 | 0.61 |
| 1960 | 0.11 | 0.85 |
| 1980 | 0.02 | 0.95 |
- The frequency of both alleles M and m increased starting in 1960.
- Starting in 1940, the frequency of allele M started decreasing, while the frequency of allele m increased.
- The frequency of allele M increased over time, while the frequency of allele m decreased.
- Starting in 1960, the frequency of allele M started decreasing, while the frequency of allele m increased.
- The frequency of allele M decreased over time, while the frequency of allele m increased. (correct)
Based on the graph, what can you conclude about the variation of $CO_2$ concentration in the atmosphere?
Based on the graph, what can you conclude about the variation of $CO_2$ concentration in the atmosphere?
- The concentration of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere has started to increase sharply since 1920.
- The concentration of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere has started to decrease sharply since 1950.
- The concentration of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere has started to increase sharply since 1970.
- The concentration of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere has started to increase sharply since 1900. (correct)
- The concentration of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere has started to decrease sharply since 1940.
Based on the graph, what can you conclude regarding the effect of $CO_2$ on global temperature?
Based on the graph, what can you conclude regarding the effect of $CO_2$ on global temperature?
In the pedigree provided, albinism (represented by allele 'n') is an autosomal recessive disorder. If both parents (1 and 2) have normal pigmentation but have children with albinism, what must their genotypes be?
In the pedigree provided, albinism (represented by allele 'n') is an autosomal recessive disorder. If both parents (1 and 2) have normal pigmentation but have children with albinism, what must their genotypes be?
Given the pedigree for albinism, where both parents are carriers (Nn), what is the probability that their fetus will have albinism (nn)?
Given the pedigree for albinism, where both parents are carriers (Nn), what is the probability that their fetus will have albinism (nn)?
Through which two processes does water primarily enter the atmosphere in the water cycle?
Through which two processes does water primarily enter the atmosphere in the water cycle?
If a somatic cell contains $6.6 \times 10^3$ a.u. of DNA during prophase of mitosis, what quantity of DNA will be present in each of the resulting cells after telophase?
If a somatic cell contains $6.6 \times 10^3$ a.u. of DNA during prophase of mitosis, what quantity of DNA will be present in each of the resulting cells after telophase?
If a somatic cell has $6.6 \times 10^3$ a.u. of DNA during the prophase stage of mitosis, what was the quantity of DNA in the same cell during the G1 phase of interphase?
If a somatic cell has $6.6 \times 10^3$ a.u. of DNA during the prophase stage of mitosis, what was the quantity of DNA in the same cell during the G1 phase of interphase?
Which event accurately describes what occurs during glycolysis?
Which event accurately describes what occurs during glycolysis?
What is the term for a trait or characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment?
What is the term for a trait or characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment?
Based on the experimental results, what conclusion can you draw about the effects of caffeine on the heart rate of crustaceans?
Based on the experimental results, what conclusion can you draw about the effects of caffeine on the heart rate of crustaceans?
Based on the graph, what conclusion can you draw regarding the effect of environmental temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
Based on the graph, what conclusion can you draw regarding the effect of environmental temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
What is the name of the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs?
What is the name of the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs?
In the provided pedigree for Huntington's Chorea, what inheritance pattern is displayed?
In the provided pedigree for Huntington's Chorea, what inheritance pattern is displayed?
What type of enzymes are used to cut DNA into smaller fragments during preparation for gel electrophoresis?
What type of enzymes are used to cut DNA into smaller fragments during preparation for gel electrophoresis?
In a single loop of blood circulation, how many chambers make up the heart?
In a single loop of blood circulation, how many chambers make up the heart?
What term describes the process when a group within a species separates from other members and develops its own unique characteristics?
What term describes the process when a group within a species separates from other members and develops its own unique characteristics?
Based on the provided graph, what conclusion can be drawn about the start and end of the melting season in polar regions over time?
Based on the provided graph, what conclusion can be drawn about the start and end of the melting season in polar regions over time?
Referring to the genetic code chart, what amino acid sequence is encoded by the following transcribed strand of DNA?
Transcribed strand: TTT GCG TGC AGG GTC ATT TGG
Referring to the genetic code chart, what amino acid sequence is encoded by the following transcribed strand of DNA?
Transcribed strand: TTT GCG TGC AGG GTC ATT TGG
Considering that multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the myelin sheath of neurons, what is the likely effect on the nervous system?
Considering that multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the myelin sheath of neurons, what is the likely effect on the nervous system?
A living cell with an intracellular solute concentration of 10 mmol/L is placed in a solution with a concentration of 5 mmol/L. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not the solute. What will happen to the cell?
A living cell with an intracellular solute concentration of 10 mmol/L is placed in a solution with a concentration of 5 mmol/L. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not the solute. What will happen to the cell?
Based on the presented data, what conclusion can be drawn about the impact of environmental temperature on the length of a plant cell's cycle?
Based on the presented data, what conclusion can be drawn about the impact of environmental temperature on the length of a plant cell's cycle?
Given the pedigree for an autosomal recessive disease, what can you conclude about the genotype of mother 2?
Given the pedigree for an autosomal recessive disease, what can you conclude about the genotype of mother 2?
What can you conclude about the genotype of individual 3?
What can you conclude about the genotype of individual 3?
A meal contains 7g of fat, 10g of protein, and 12g of carbohydrates. Calculate the total kilocalories (kcal) provided by this meal.
A meal contains 7g of fat, 10g of protein, and 12g of carbohydrates. Calculate the total kilocalories (kcal) provided by this meal.
After an injury resulting in prolonged bleeding, which type of blood cell is most likely malfunctioning?
After an injury resulting in prolonged bleeding, which type of blood cell is most likely malfunctioning?
Based on the data, which conclusion accurately reflects the effect of environmental temperature on a snake's hunting speed?
Based on the data, which conclusion accurately reflects the effect of environmental temperature on a snake's hunting speed?
Based on the provided melting points, which of the following fatty acids are saturated?
Based on the provided melting points, which of the following fatty acids are saturated?
Through what structures does gas exchange primarily occur between plants and the atmosphere?
Through what structures does gas exchange primarily occur between plants and the atmosphere?
If a transparent substance blocks all the pores on a plant's leaves, what would be the most immediate and significant effect on the plant?
If a transparent substance blocks all the pores on a plant's leaves, what would be the most immediate and significant effect on the plant?
If a person has a fever that reaches 40°C, what happens to the enzymes when the body temperature remains abnormally high?
If a person has a fever that reaches 40°C, what happens to the enzymes when the body temperature remains abnormally high?
Based on the data, what general conclusion can be made about the size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Based on the data, what general conclusion can be made about the size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Based on the bar graph, what conclusion can be drawn about the rate of respiration by yeasts at different temperatures in the presence or absence of glucose?
Based on the bar graph, what conclusion can be drawn about the rate of respiration by yeasts at different temperatures in the presence or absence of glucose?
If an individual has difficulty coordinating movements and maintaining balance after a trauma, which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?
If an individual has difficulty coordinating movements and maintaining balance after a trauma, which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?
Based on the data presented in the table, select a conclusion about blood glucose levels after sugar ingestion.
Based on the data presented in the table, select a conclusion about blood glucose levels after sugar ingestion.
Based on these experimental results, what conclusion can be drawn about the role of testicles in male rats?
Based on these experimental results, what conclusion can be drawn about the role of testicles in male rats?
Flashcards
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
Learning through association; pairing a stimulus with a response.
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning
Learning through consequences; reinforcement and punishment.
Habituation
Habituation
A gradual decrease in response to a repeated or constant stimulus.
Imprinting
Imprinting
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Insight learning
Insight learning
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Restriction enzymes
Restriction enzymes
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Active site
Active site
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Stomata
Stomata
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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
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Platelets
Platelets
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Adaptation
Adaptation
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Speciation
Speciation
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis
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Evaporation and transpiration
Evaporation and transpiration
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Study Notes
- Every time students show good behavior, they receive stickers, leading to increased discipline; this illustrates operant conditioning.
Question 42: Allele Frequency in Insects
- The frequency of allele M decreased over time, while the frequency of allele m increased.
Question 43 & 44: CO2 and Global Temperature
- The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has sharply increased since 1900.
- Increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere cause the global temperature to rise.
Question 45 & 46: Albinism Pedigree
- Both parents have the genotype Nn, meaning they are carriers for albinism.
- The risk for the fetus to be albino is 0.25 (25%).
Question 47: Water Cycle Processes
- Evaporation and transpiration are the two processes by which water enters the atmosphere.
Question 48 & 49: DNA Quantity in Somatic Cells
- The quantity of DNA in the obtained cells at telophase will be 6.6 × 10^3 a.u.
- The quantity of DNA in the cell during G1 of interphase was 3.3 × 10^3 a.u.
Question 50: Glycolysis
- During glycolysis, 1 molecule of glucose breaks down into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
Question 51: Adaptation
- A characteristic that increases the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce is adaptation.
Question 52: Caffeine and Crustacean Heart Rate
- Caffeine causes the heart rate of crustaceans to increase.
Question 53: Temperature and Photosynthesis
- The highest rate of photosynthesis occurs when the environmental temperature is between 30°C and 35°C.
Question 54: Enzyme Substrate Binding
- The part of the enzyme on which the substrate binds is called the active site.
Question 55: Huntington's Chorea Pedigree
- The allele for Huntington's disease is dominant, and both parents are hybrid.
Question 56: Gel Electrophoresis Preparation
- During preparation for gel electrophoresis, DNA is cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes.
Question 57: Single Loop Blood Circulation
- In a single loop of blood circulation, the heart is composed of 2 chambers.
Question 58: Speciation
- When a group within a species separates from other members and develops on its own, this is called speciation.
Question 59: Polar Region Melting Season
- The duration of the melting season started to increase as time increased from 1995 until 2020.
Question 60: Genetic Code Translation
- Given transcribed strand: TTT GCG TGC AGG GTC ATT TGG, the amino acid sequence is Phe-Ala-Cys-Arg-Val-Ile-Trp.
Question 61: Multiple Sclerosis
- The speed of the nervous messages along the affected neurons will be slower.
Question 62: Osmosis and Cell Concentration
- Osmosis of water from intracellular to extracellular medium will occur, and the cell will shrink.
Question 63: Cell Cycle and Temperature
- The cell cycle is fastest when the environmental temperature ranges between 10°C and 12°C.
Question 64 & 65: Autosomal Recessive Disease
- The genotype of mother 2 is Nn.
- The genotype of individual 3 is nn.
Question 66: Energy from a Meal
- The amount of energy provided by the meal is 151 kcal.
Question 67: Excessive Bleeding
- Platelets are not functioning normally to stop bleeding.
Question 68: Snake Hunting and Temperature
- The higher the temperature, the faster the snake can move to hunt.
Question 69: Fatty Acids and Melting Points
- Palmitic and lauric acids are saturated, while palmitoleic and linolenic acids are unsaturated.
Question 70: Gas Exchange in Plants
- Gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere occurs through stomata.
Question 71: Blocked Leaf Pores
- Stomata will be blocked, causing photosynthesis to stop.
Question 72: High Body Temperature Effects
- The enzymes structure will be destroyed, and thus they will be unable to function.
Question 73: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cell Size
- Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Question 74: Yeast Respiration
- The rate of cellular respiration increases in the presence of glucose but decreases as the temperature increases above 30°C.
Question 75: Trauma and Coordination
- Cerebellum is the most likely part of the nervous system to be affected
Question 76: Blood Glucose Levels
- Blood glucose level increases sharply after ingestion of sugar and goes back to normal after 4 hours.
Question 77: Male Testicles
- Testicles secrete the testosterone hormone, which is responsible for the development of seminal vesicles and the presence of secondary sexual characteristics.
Question 78: Enzyme Concentration and Reaction Rate
- The reaction rate increases with an increase in enzyme concentration.
Question 79: Chemical Reaction Rate
- At a 20% concentration of the enzyme, the rate of the chemical reaction will be the highest.
Question 80: Immune Cell Action
- Cooperation between T4 and T8 cells is required to kill infected cells.
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