Nourish Your Knowledge

Study Notes

Nutrition is the process by which living organisms retrieve and transform substances to function.
It is a multidisciplinary science that focuses on the physiology and psychology of nutrition.
The definition of food depends on the physiological or psychological approach.
Nutrition became a scientific discipline in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The value of calorific foods became important during the industrial revolution.
The body derives energy from macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
The energy obtained by oxidation varies for each macronutrient.
The digestive system transforms macronutrients into glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
There are many different nutrients, divided into macronutrients and micronutrients.
The energy is measured in joules or calories.
Carbohydrates are found in foods such as rice and bread.
They are divided into categories based on the number of sugar units.
The body needs carbohydrates to maintain blood concentration levels.
Lipids are not soluble in water and are classified into four categories.
30-40% of energy should come from lipids.
Proteins are made up of amino acids and are essential for the body.
Animal products are the main source of protein in Western countries.
The recommended daily intake of protein is 0.8g per kilogram of body weight.
The digestion of proteins occurs mainly in the small intestine.
Inappropriate protein intake can have strong and varied consequences on the body.

Vegetarians and vegans rely on vegetables and cereals for their protein intake.
Minerals are essential for the body and can be found in meat and vegetables.
Vitamins are necessary for the metabolism of an organism and cannot be synthesized.
Vitamin C can be found in fruits and vegetables.
Antioxidants prevent the oxidation of other chemical substances.
Phytochemicals are organic compounds found in plant-based foods.
Malnutrition can result from inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption.
Thirst is triggered by a pressure imbalance between the inside and outside of red blood cells.
Nutrition is the science that studies the relationship between food and health.
The mother's diet affects the nutrients absorbed by the fetus.

The health of a baby is influenced by the embryo, breastfeeding, and milk quality.
Toxins from tobacco or alcohol can pass through the placental barrier or into breast milk.
Endocrine disruptors can have significant impacts on the embryo and fetus, even at low doses.
Undernutrition during pregnancy or breastfeeding can cause metabolic pathologies in adulthood.
The leptin gene can be affected by fetal undernutrition.
This occurs through molecular programming mechanisms that are not yet fully understood.
Animal experiments have confirmed the effects of undernutrition on DNA modifications.
These modifications can lead to obesity, diabetes, or hypertension in adulthood.
The quality of breast milk can also affect the health of the baby.
It is important to avoid exposure to toxins and ensure proper nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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